Certified General Accountants And The Audit Accounting Essay Example For Students

Guaranteed General Accountants And The Audit Accounting Essay Outline1 CGA and the Audit a decent thing?2 Executive Summary:3 Bibliography CGA and the Audit something to be thankful for? Official Summary: Guaranteed General Accountants ( CGA ) gives a fact of review administrations including External and Internal Audit ; Compliance Audit ; Environmental review ; Forensic Audit ; and Operational Audit, to their customers. Notwithstanding, they are defying work in the field of outer review or certainty fight. Regardless of holding all the prerequisites instructive makings, experience, and liberation requests, they are non permitted to execute certainty map all through Canada. Actually, they are in an inconvenience place according to their CA rivals. CGAs have disagreed with the concerned approval for permitting authorization to make bear witness to outline Canada, as permitted to CAs, in the best association of the examining calling because of arranged focal points, for example, high rivalry, nature of administration, cost effectivity and innovative action of occupation possibilities. CGA is an expert representative who is the individual from the Certified General Accountants Association of Canada. This handle is given to the individuals who effectively complete its arrangement of expert surveies and run into different foundations and experience requests. Out in the open examples, CGAs can offer bookkeeping, examining and income upgrade heading administrations to the people. Under monetary reviewing, they can flexibly three sorts of administrations, viz. Review Engagements, Compilation Engagements and the Review Engagements. Under the Compilation Engagement, CGA can fold up unaudited financial data into monetary explanations, plans or studies, in view of data gave by the specialist s customer. Essentially, customer data is masterminded in the signifier of a monetary explanation, without executing a review or a reappraisal. Before long, the finicky articulations can be incorporated by all the three significant members viz. CA ( Chartered Accountant ) , CMA ( Certified Management Accountant ) and CGA. The second level of certainty is Review Engagement which is the unaudited reappraisal of financial proclamations of a worry or association by an autonomous officer for the plan of finding the credibility of the data gave an account of. The reappraisal includes doing questions refering finicky, working and legally binding data, utilizing expository processs and holding medicines with suitable functionaries of the undertaking. In Canada, CGAs and CAs can set about the reappraisal commitment where as CMAs are non permitted to execute the reappraisal assignments. The furthest extent of certainty is Attest or Audit Engagements. Under such fights a free controller is locked in to discover if the finicky explanations of an association present sensibly, with no material error, the monetary occasions that happened during the period review. The outside review is accomplished for the investors/owners. This is an issue that a CGA can non execute certainty fights in certain States like Ontario and Manitoba while he/she can make in other state like British Columbia. Actually, CAs have hoarded this guide and do non let different designations like CGA/CMA to come in this nation. CGAs can offer other review administrations, for example, Internal Audit, Compliance Audit, Environmental Audit, Forensic Audit and Operational Audit. As an undertaking of reality, all the listeners including CA, CGA and CMA can execute these maps and there is no restriction as material to confirm fight. CGAs are looking for their best to do it a level playing field and attempting to achieve their entitlement to execute the certainty fights all through Canada, at standard with CAs. They have mentioned cut and again to Accounting Standard Board ( ASB ) to permit authorization to CGAs for executing confirm map all through Canada. Notwithstanding, their endeavors did nt pass on any achievement. It is fascinating to advert that the instructive makings, experience requests, class of expert surveies and emancipation requests of CAs and CGAs are about the equivalent. Notwithstanding, there is a tremendous difference between the forces to execute the bear witness to fight since CAs can execute this guide all through Canada where as CGAs can non execute the equivalent all through Canada. This activity should be tended to appropriately by the concerned governments. .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc , .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc .postImageUrl , .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc , .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc:hover , .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc:visited , .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc:active { border:0!important; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc:active , .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc:hover { haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ue7e7fa2d c519406478c4d653f7ea8acc .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ue7e7fa2dc519406478c4d653f7ea8acc:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Ap Lang Synthesis EssayThe issue of allowing to CGA for executing certainty map is aggressive and extraordinary since long. The ACSB ought to reevaluate the situation and let the consent to CGAs to set about this guide in the best inclusion of the examining calling on the grounds that there are a clump of points of interest and advantages related with this authorization. The central bit of leeway ascribed is that the inspecting field would go a leveling playing field for the two CAs and CGAs. The evaluating calling would go increasingly competitory and proficient on the grounds that the listeners would hold to be focused o n the furthest extent of achievement because of the high evaluation of rivalry. Second, the customers would envision furthest extent of value administrations structure the wide arrangement of listeners. Third, this pressure would hold a significant effect on the expense of reviews. Because of the nonattendance of any opposition, CAs are allowed to tolerate down any aggregate of review expense from their customers. Along these lines, the section of CGAs in certainty guide would chop down the review cost on the grounds that there are more listeners accessible in the field because of intense rivalry. Last however non least is the upside of bring forthing more occupation possibilities and the innovative movement of new concerns and bookkeeping houses across Canada. List of sources Reviewed account hypertext move convention:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit Monetary review hypertext move convention:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_audit

The Kite Runner Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Kite Runner - Assignment Example It empowers an individual adding it to get to the focal character’s mind (Amir) in the entirety of the happenings he experiences. It is as though the reader’s sensation is indistinguishable suppositions from Amir. The subjects utilized in this novel were captivating. They change from connections between relatives and dependability among companions to the dread war and social glitches of the age (Hosseini, 7). This clues me to another stage that kept me so intrigued with this novel. I learned numerous new things about the past and ethos of Afghanistan and its kin. It was astounding to find out about the troubles Afghans experienced during the time the Russians had control of the region. It was amazing to see the difference in social class focused on the race or various divisions of Islam. I realized that Sunni and Shi’a had issues yet I didn't know to what degree. It was entrancing to discover that Sunni and Shi’a experienced issues however I didn't know to what level. There is so much history and culture in the novel uncovered yet the novel has a wonderful and moving story (Hosseini, 8). All in all, the connections between the characters in this novel are loaded up with such a significant number of conclusions. Each character has his/her own division and noteworthiness, which keeps the peruser delighted. At the point when these divisions are sorted out, it makes the novel to be fascinating. I need to state that my favored parts were the segments that show the circumstances of war during the Taliban control. A considerable lot of the activities are loaded up with anticipation. The parts with activity in the novel made me not to quit understanding it. This tale is actually a page-turner and I underwrite it profoundly to all perusers in secondary school

Spring Term 2006!

Spring Term 2006! 1. Buzz. 2. Hit snooze button. 3. Buzz Buzz. 4. Hit snooze button, again. 5. Buzz Buzz Buzz. 6. Hit snooze button, again. 7. Buzz Buzz Buzz Buzz. 8. Roommate hits you before you can hit the snooze button. Maybe if I had one of these, my morning would have been different. 9:30 AM is really too early to have class; unfortunately, all semester I will have to take it like a champ. So todays schedule went a little like this today: 9:30 11 am: Thermal Fluids Engineering 2 11 am 12:30 pm: Design and Manufacturing 1 12:30 2 pm: Tissue Engineering for Analysis, Prevention, and Treatment of Human Disease So to tell you the name of the class without telling you more about the class would be a travesty, so here goes: Thermal Fluids Engineering 2 is the final chapter in the saga of a boy and his trials with energy and entropy. Directed by John Brisson with the support of Jacopo Buongiorno and Gerald Wilson, Bryan will seek to understand the truth behind boiling water and surfing. Basically, 2.006, will continue discussing topics of entropy and energy as they relate to heat transfer and fluid dynamics. 2.007 will be a fun class. Basically, the goal of the class is to design a robot to accomplish certain tasks. Over the course of the semester, you build a robot that will compete against the rest of your class of 150 people with goals to have Professor Slocum pick you up and run around Johnson Ice Arena with you over his shoulder to declare you winner. Last years competition table was inspired by Simmons Hall. Do you see the resemblance? This years table I think is a lot more simple, but will be an interesting challenge to develop ways to score points. Finally, today, I had BE.360 which is taught by my UROP advisor, Linda Griffith. Basically, the goal of this class is to introduce us to some of the fundamentals of tissue engineering (biology and equations). Also, this class will introduce the two different directions tissue engineering can go. One direction is where you engineer artificial organs, and the other direction is where you use tissue engineering to develop human models to predict and prevent disease. Tomorrow I only have 90 minutes of class, Im STOKED. Responding to some questions I received about classes: Shen asked, So are classes generally 1.5 hours long? Shen, it really depends. My observation is that the basic freshman classes are just an hour most of the time. However, most HASS (Humanities, Arts, Social Sciences) are an hour and a half long. Most of the classes that I have now as a junior are an hour and a half long. Actually, this semester, all of them are. Shen also asked, And what are some of the classes/teachers youve particularly enjoyed? This is a pretty hard question to answer, but my favorite class at MIT would have to have been Quantitative Physiology I: Cells and Tissues for the way it really integrated biology and engineering. It was a really interesting class in my opinion because it involved a lot of modelling of processes that the body performs, but not only allowed us a qualitative understanding of the process but a quantitative understanding as well. As far as my favorite professor at MIT, that prize goes to Arthur Mattuck. I had him my freshman year for calculus, and I must admit when I visited for Campus Preview Weekend, I attended one of his Differential Equations lectures where he got up on a table and kicked a can to demonstrate the concept of frequency in differential equations (this man is in his 70s I think). I partially chose to come to MIT because of that lecture. He also rides a bike to school, so I give him props for that as well. Needless to say, I think you can understand why I founded the Arthur Mattuck Fan Club on the Facebook. In a previous iteration of this entry, I promised a music video. Well, here you go. Last night, my fraternity went to serenade the new members of Alpha Chi Omega. I had my boy band moment.

My Experience At Lakeland Community College - 1753 Words

Looking back on every class, every book, every professor, every experience and every friend that has brought me to where I am today; graduating with my Bachelor of Arts in Communication Studies with a concentration in applied communication from Kent State University, I feel overwhelmed with gratitude. I am going to demonstrate my reflections on my learning experiences, the connections between my coursework, internship experience, and growth as a communicator while focusing on the power that education has in my life. My journey began at Lakeland Community College (LCC) in Kirtland, Ohio in 2011. I started taking general courses, not knowing which direction would be the best for me to go into. This would be my greatest obstacle to overcome, but I knew with certainty that I would soon find out which direction to set sail in. I spent two years at LCC and gained confidence in my abilities and suddenly realized my great potential through all the doors that education started to open for me. I had an amazing opportunity to enter a speaking competition at LCC and placed in first. I realized when my goal was to give the audience an impactful message and was not focused on winning, that communication was one of my strongest assets and greatest passion. Discovering this was a primary blessing and actually winning the competition became a secondary delight. It was also at LCC that I became conversant in American Sign Language, made new friends, established excellent rapport with theShow MoreRelatedTheme And Theme In Hillbilly Elegy By J. D. Vance1420 Words   |  6 Pagesways. Lastly, we see the theme of grit. Grit to me means the drive or motivation to do something without giving up. The author has grit in this story when he decides to further his education unlike everyone else from his hometown. Starting his college education and graduating from Ohio State University and then proceeding to graduate from Yale’s Law school is an outstanding accomplishment especially for someone from that type of poverty induced town. Vance has portrayed the theme of resilienceRead MoreA Day That Changed My Life969 Words   |  4 PagesMay 25, 2013, a day that would forever change my life. The day that I knew that with a simple piece of paper my life would be filled with endless possibilities. On this day I graduated high school. To some thi s is not what they would call a milestone in life and that it could be achieved by anyone but to an eighteen-year-old, African American, female, living in a small rural town that is heavy laden with poverty, this is the most memorable moment of my entire life and somehow I imagine that this isRead MoreAnalysis Of Austin Armour s The Side Of Ficer 2500 Words   |  10 Pagescitizens in their community. This paper is designed to bring light to that side of the story, the side of the officer, the importance of their position, the dangers that they face on a daily basis to protect members of the community, and how as a public we can better understand and appreciate what police officers do for us each and every day. This first section is designed to delve into the safety measures that officers put into place to ensure their safety and the safety of the community. First and foremostRead MoreOnline Degree Programs: The Only Option for Busy Adult Learners2684 Words   |  11 Pagesrequired, and there are many obstacles that may hinder a student new to educational technology through modes of computer-mediated learning (CML). Therefore, it is my belief, that it takes a certain breed of adult students to enroll and remain in an online course or in an online program and finally, to complete the course successfully. 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Honore was born in 1947 to Udell and Lloyd Honore in Lakeland, Louisiana. Honore was the eight ofRead MoreDual Language4991 Words   |  20 PagesDual Language Guadalupe Silva Lakeland College Table of Contents Abstract 2 Features of Dual Language Education Programs 4 Assessment and Accountability 6 Curriculum 6 Instruction 7 Staff Quality 10 Professional Development 12 Program Structure 14 Family and Community 16 Support and Resources 17 Conclusion 18 References 20 Abstract What is Dual language? Dual language is a form of bilingualRead MoreLiterature Review And Critical Analysis3749 Words   |  15 Pagesfoodstuff I was very familiar with leaving behind the other ones that would consume my time in processing them before cooking. AT this point I had to picked what was left available to create a recipe. The question is this – Did I prepare a meal? Was it balanced? Was it tasty? Was it attractive? Ultimately did i win? The answer to these questions is an emphatic ‘YES’. So what happened? 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Market Opportunities in E-Commerce, South Africa

Market Research Report On Analysing Online Retail Possibilities For South African Businesses Prepared by Asaad Manjoo Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Aim of the research study 1.2 Problem Statement and Objectives 1.3 Literature study†¦show more content†¦The secondary objectives are: †¢To determine consumer trends in online shopping in. †¢To identify the most successful online retailers. †¢To identify the key factors that helped make these retailers successful. †¢To identify the advantages and disadvantages of online retailing as opposed to traditional retailing. 1.3 Literature study This study is encompassed around the E-commerce sector in the business field. E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods on the Internet. Through this channel, we have various different types of transactions but the one that is dealt with in this study is retailing otherwise known as e-tailing. The world as we know it is constantly changing, technology is getting more advanced daily and the effects this has on the lives of people on a daily basis is immense. Historical evidence of the motor-vehicle shows the effect of technology on mankind. Today the Internet is shaping the world and connecting it in ways that people half a century ago would never dream of. The Internet is filled with endless possibilities forShow MoreRelatedMarket Opportunities in E-Commerce, South Africa11779 Words   |  48 PagesMarket Research Report On Analysing Online Retail Possibilities For South African Businesses Prepared by Asaad Manjoo Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Aim of the research study 1.2 Problem Statement and Objectives Read MoreWalmart : A Global Market2336 Words   |  10 Pagesgrowth in the United States. To continue to grow and to remain a competitor in the retail discount industry Walmart has to become a global market. 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Between the more prominent points in the study are the flourishing in job formation in the telecommunicationsRead MoreImportance of E-commerce in Modern Business1176 Words   |  5 PagesTable of Contents Definition and types of E-commerce 3 E-commerce payment systems 3-4 Importance of E-commerce in modern business 3 Conclusion 7 Recommendation 7 References 8 E-Commerce refers to the buying and selling of products and services over electronic systems like the internet and other computer networks. This system depends on technologies like electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, internet marketing, online transactionsRead MoreSamsung Swot Analysis1456 Words   |  6 PagesCompany Background: Samsung is a South Korean multinational company those beginning its business as a tiny commerce company and right now turning into world largest corporation. 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(2010), some companies like Walmart and Dell have applied this system to gain a competitive advantage in the market while others have failed to apply it owing to its complexity. Companies require adequate and accurate information about all the players in the chain management in order for them to meet their consumers, demands whileRead MoreIndia s Impact On India Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent years, the Information technology sector has really taken-off and boomed up due to various factors such as enormous funding, alliance activities, revolutionarising technology and a rapid increasing domestic market. India had 3100 startups in 2014, its being predicted to increase to 12000 by 2020. The startups in the IT sector has a large contribution in number of startups. 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B2B e-commerce â€Å"is business which is conducted between businesses via some electronic means† and B2C e-commerceRead MoreIs It Possible For The Uae?1437 Words   |  6 PagesDubizzle location Kampoart For Me compareit4me.com and Eureka Eureeca.com and Vcher Fetchr and Joe NAPT GoNabit and Gado Badu JadoPado and Just Falafel Just Falafel and raking Nabbesh location property finder propertyfinder.ae and market Souq, to name a few. According to the report published by the flash in 2015 for leadership in some countries, almost 60 percent of all supporting institutions for Entrepreneurship was created in the UAE in the last four years, after he revealed Market Opportunities in E-Commerce, South Africa Market Research Report On Analysing Online Retail Possibilities For South African Businesses Prepared by Asaad Manjoo Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Aim of the research study 1.2 Problem Statement and Objectives 1.3 Literature study†¦show more content†¦1.1 Aim of the research study Online shopping has been a growing phenomenon all over the world especially among countries with well-developed infrastructure with marketing activities over the Internet (Kau, Tang amp; Ghose, 2003 ). Hawkins, Best amp; Coney (2001:592) are of the opinion that Internet sales will increase rapidly in years to come. Today we live in an age where the Internet has become an important medium for people in their daily lives. The Internet is an effective and efficient way to communicate with people, to manage banking transactions and to purchase goods and services. While the old way of going to a shop to get the feel and touch of a product before purchasing it is still nice, for certain services like booking airline or concert tickets have made the process much easier and efficient. Although predictions have been made on the future of online shopping and the increased growth in sales, the question arises as to why don’t more South African businesses utilise this market? This question can go hand in hand with another question: Why do consumers in South Africa still prefer shopping at a shopping mall as opposed to the convenient way of shopping online? In order for South African businesses to retail their respective products or services online, there needs to be a profitable market of users for the respective businesses toShow MoreRelatedMarket Opportunities in E-Commerce, South Africa11786 Words   |  48 PagesMarket Research Report On Analysing Online Retail Possibilities For South African Businesses Prepared by Asaad Manjoo Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Aim of the research study 1.2 Problem Statement and Objectives Read MoreWalmart : A Global Market2336 Words   |  10 Pagesgrowth in the United States. To continue to grow and to remain a competitor in the retail discount industry Walmart has to become a global market. For Walmart to be successful in becoming a global company the following strategies will be discussed: †¢ Walmart could enter into the market †¢ Walmart could use e-commerce †¢ Buy a company that is already located in Africa †¢ Acquire Massmart The external and internal environment of both Walmart and Massmart will help to show whether or not the merging of theRead More3G and 4G Services745 Words   |  3 Pagesexploit in 2009, according to the MIIT. Furthermore, The Philippines is experiencing healthier socio-economic enlargement due to third-generation (3G) network services, rendering to a report by telecom firm Qualcomm. The report mentioned South Korea, South Africa, Thailand, and the Philippines as examples of countries with 3G deployment, and how this substructure affected their corresponding economies. Between the more prominent points in the study are the flourishing in job formation in the telecommunicationsRead MoreImportance of E-commerce in Modern Business1176 Words   |  5 PagesTable of Contents Definition and types of E-commerce 3 E-commerce payment systems 3-4 Importance of E-commerce in modern business 3 Conclusion 7 Recommendation 7 References 8 E-Commerce refers to the buying and selling of products and services over electronic systems like the internet and other computer networks. This system depends on technologies like electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, internet marketing, online transactionsRead MoreSamsung Swot Analysis1456 Words   |  6 PagesCompany Background: Samsung is a South Korean multinational company those beginning its business as a tiny commerce company and right now turning into world largest corporation. The corporate deals with its business in many sectors like advance technology, finance, petrochemical, semiconductors, plant construction, skyscraper, medicine, fashion, hotels, chemical and others. The corporate was established in 1969 in Suwon, South Korea and notable globally for its electronic merchandise (Kelly, 2011)Read MoreReport On Competitive Strengths Through E Commerce Essay1768 Words   |  8 Pages BG004 E- Commerce in Modern Global Economy Report on Competitive Strengths through e-commerce Individual Assignment By Bhupinder Kaur Student ID: i144413 Date: 5th Nov 2014 Lecturer: Mr. Wilfred Kurukulasuriya Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 3 E-commerce Opportunities and Challenges 4 Operational requirements 6 Hardware, Software Technology 7 FindingsRead MoreSupply Chain Management1259 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Supply chain management is a valuable practice whose purpose is to offer businesses a competitive advantage in the market place. According to Jacoby, D. 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Northern Renaissance Art Free Essays

The epoch of Renaissance in general was an age of humanism characterized by a new spirit of freedom, a new sense of the individual, a new realism in visualizing nature and the emergence of the artist as an individual creator. The Renaissance art traditions developed in Italy and then traveled to the north of the Alps and there became known as â€Å"Northern Renaissance†. Though the Northern Renaissance displays some differences from that of the South, it shares with the Italians in the three essential Renaissance qualities, namely, â€Å"a new interest in the world of fact, a new acceptance of that world as having independent value for artistic creation irrespective of any super sensuous presuppositions, and the separation of the several arts†. We will write a custom essay sample on Northern Renaissance Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Rowley, Sarton, Schevill and Thompson, 111) However, these qualities exhibited themselves in the north and south in quite different appearances because of the fundamental differences between the Gothic and the Classic traditions. Italy’s climate, customs, and racial tendencies would never permit to assimilate the Gothic tradition, and the northern countries could never forget it. For example, in northern tradition we cannot find the mathematically exact perspective to reveal the space and volume, as well as the interplay of light and shadow is replaced by the scrupulous work with light and colors. North Renaissance portraits became living entities through the new realism which could render the detailed peculiarities of the individual and courtly approach and this trait derives from Gothic style. For example, Jan van Eyck’s realism led to an examination of the details of actuality, so that he painted portraits that are convincing likenesses. To illustrate how the concept of Art Nova was reflected in the works of northern artists it would be appropriate to discuss some of them. In general the realism of the north as Rowley and his colleagues put it â€Å"was more discursive and more minute than that of the south†. (114) Jan van Eyck’s painting of Arnolfini and his wife is packed with incidentals, the dog, slippers, pillows, fruit, fly whisk, chandelier, and the mirror which repeats them all again, inscription on the wall of the richly furnished room recording that Jan ‘was here’. The new element of light, which seems diffused through the room, is regarded as illumination for each separate object. Jan van Eyck gives us a realism that is more than real. In Eyck’s Virgin and Child with Chancellor Rolin realism showed itself in a microscopic examination of objects. Each hair and each pore of the skin was scrutinized so carefully that the visual unity of the whole was lost in the focus upon small detail. The study of surfaces results in the qualities of things, the masterful use of light and color hues affected by light which makes the work different from Italian Renaissance. The most surprising characteristic of northern realism is the absence of movement. After the dramatic gesticulation of Giotto’s compositions and the Internationalists, the figures of Van Eyck, seem to be absolutely frozen. Perhaps much of the â€Å"sanctified mood† (Rowley, Sarton, Schevill, and Thompson, 116) of Van Eyck’s paintings is created by the fact that his people never look at anything, which gives them a curiously removed quality. Another artist of the period, Robert Campin, was one of the earliest and greatest masters of Flemish painting. Characterized by a naturalistic conception of form and representation of the objects of daily life, Campin’s work marks the break with the prevailing International Gothic style and prefigures the achievements of Jan van Eyck and the painters of the Northern Renaissance. One of his masterpieces is the Mà ©rode Altarpiece, a triptych of the Annunciation with the donors and St. Joseph on the wings. The Virgin is portrayed in a setting of bourgeois realism in which interior furnishings are rendered with the frank and loving attention to detail traditional to the Art Nova of Flemish art. Campin’s passion for the natural and domestic world dominates his picturing of the sacred story. This feature to depict sacred motives within mundane context also testifies to the difference between South and North as regards Renaissance. Campin meticulously depicts even the tiniest trifle in a technique which combines semi-transparent oil overlay on water-based opaque pigments that results in the creation of space. Yet Campin’s work includes several symbolic elements like the brass laver or lily flower, both referring to Mary’s purity. The innovations of the Northern Renaissance were apparent not only in painting but also in sculpture art. Thus Claus Sluter was the influential master of early Netherlandish sculpture, established highly individual monumental, naturalistic forms. The grandeur of Sluter’s forms can only be paralleled in Flemish painting by the van Eycks and Robert Campin discussed above. The works of Claus Sluter infuse realism with spirituality and monumental grandeur. Sluter was an innovator in art, and thus it would be just to apply the concept of Art Nova to his works too. He moved beyond the prevailing French taste for graceful figures, delicate and elegant movement, and fluid falls of drapery. His sculptures are weighty, massive, dominantly large and balanced forms. The six-sided Well of Moses, presents six life-sized prophets holding books and scrolls. The head and torso fragment of Christ from the Calvary reveal a power and intensity of restrained expression that conveys overwhelming grandeur. Suffering and resignation are mingled, a result of the way the brow is knitted, though the lower part of the face, narrow and exhausted, is calm and without muscular stress. The figures of the composition dominate the architectural framework but also reinforce the feeling of support that the structure provides through their largeness of movement. Sluter’s latest preserved work is the tomb of Philip the Bold consisting of forty figures, each about 16 inches high and made up the mourning procession. Sluter conceived of the figures as weepers, of whom no two are alike; some are openly expressing their sorrow, others are containing their grief, but all are robed in heavy wool, draping garments that occasionally veil a bowed head and face to convey a hidden mourning. Sluter epitomized in sculpture the growing awareness of an individualized nature with an enduring grandeur. Reference List: Harbison, Craig. The Mirror of the Artist: Northern Renaissance Art in its Historical Context, New York: Abrams, 1995. Rowley, George et al. The Civilization of the Renaissance. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1929.       How to cite Northern Renaissance Art, Essay examples

The Current Economic Crisis and Lessons for Economic Theory

Introduction The global financial crisis has greatly challenged the economists, financial institutions and political leadership. The effects that arose from the crisis still affect some regions of the world to date. This is typical of the austerity measures taken by some of the western economies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Current Economic Crisis and Lessons for Economic Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, the effects of the global financial crisis caused a series of economic bubbles that threatened the stability of the European Union. In this light, the following paper will discuss some of the critical tenets in Stiglitz’s article shown as the title of this paper. The article is presented in a simple, friendly format, yet the issues addressed are principles according to which modern economies function. Although economy recovery cuts across the globe, there is a constant fear that the world could slip back to the recession, especially after the threats posed by debt default and the need to curb the amount of debt for the U.S., amidst threats of war and poor global banking practices, are a great concern to economists. However, Stiglitz attempts to shed some light on pertinent issues and possible approaches that can address these problems. This may offer a glimmer of hope to the modern day uncertainties in the economy world. The synthesis of the article Stiglitz presents a systematic analysis of the global economic crisis in which he reveals the cause, the reality and the aftermath of the economic crisis (Stiglitz 281). The historical perspective of the global recession informs the failures of the economists and financial institutions to prevent the crisis. Some of the vital principles of practice were overlooked as the recession took shape. In this respect, the paper focuses on two aspects. First, as a matter of urgency, there is a need to refine the principles a nd the practices of the banking sector as this sector plays a critical role in the economy of every nation. The second aspect is the need to synthesize the lessons learnt from the crisis and how they affect intellectual processes of teaching and learning. On the same note, there is a need to re-evaluate what the nations pass on to the next generation both professionally and scholarly (Stiglitz 281). In the view of Stiglitz, the recent economic depression began in the United States and later on, affected the rest of the world (Stiglitz 282). The global effect of the recession could not subside by taking a global approach. The feeble globalization principles forced each nation to react to the situation at an individual level. Even more, the recession affected the countries at varied degrees. Therefore, different countries overcame the crisis at different times (Stiglitz 282-283). In this respect, the United States employed a number of strategies to address the looming crisis. The firs t initiative against recession was the stimulus program. In this arrangement, the government increased its debt from about $5.7 trillion to an increasing figure of over 10 trillion dollars (Stiglitz 284).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stiglitz believes that stimulus programs should have been anchored on building human capacity in skills and training, building a social and physical infrastructure and coming up with novel technologies (Stiglitz 284). There is a need to stabilize the economy by reducing expenditures by an estimated figure of 5 to 6 percent of the GDP (Stiglitz 284). The second initiative was to understand the fundamental problem of recession. Putting more money into the economy systems would not offer a solution without addressing the specific issues in the financial sector. Therefore, identifying the causes is an independent point of consideration. The third initiative was to use the information drawn from the problems to reorganize the financial sector (Stiglitz 285). Reorganization of the financial sector involved an elaborate and systematic plan of actions touching on all the ancillaries of the sector and projecting the plan into the future (Stiglitz 291). As the article draws to the end, Stiglitz synthesizes the role and position of the economists before, during and what they ought to do afterwards (Stiglitz 293). In this part, the article details the scholarly, professional and principle perspectives of the lessons learnt from the economic crisis. The article is philosophically and empirically critical regarding the objectivity of the theory of the invisible hand and the modern economy theory of imperfect information (Stiglitz 293). There is a need to analyze, compare and contrast the ageless principles and theories employed in economics and narrow down to how they affect real economic indicators. Such indicators include, taxation , mortgage industry, bonds, the trends in the financial markets, GDP of regions and countries, inflation, trends in investments, budget deficit and policy formulation (Stiglitz 293). Understanding the reality of recession in perspective of the economic theories The effects of financial crisis are far-reaching, not only geographically but also across time. Five years after the economic depression, most investors still do not have the confidence and certainty in where to invest and how to manage their finances. Studies show that massive investment may come with its own risks and this is possibly why most investors are hesitating (Green para. 3). Therefore, it is vital for investors to learn from the past and distribute their risks by increasing their investment portfolio (Green para.10). The challenge comes from the fact that recession may begin with a given economic sector but may affect many sectors either directly or indirectly. The same phenomenon affects the economic practices of governments and institutions. The financial effects of recession are objective and not imaginary. Stiglitz observes that the effects experienced by the US and the entire globe had nothing to do with the invisible hand as Adam Smith had stated in the classical economic theory (Stiglitz 293).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Current Economic Crisis and Lessons for Economic Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A critical analysis of the causes and effects of the economic recession reveals the need to re-evaluate the enduring economic principles and theories. That is because the economic indicators and empirical relations of economic parameters fail to accurately predict recession. They also fail to systemize the cause of the effects from one form of investment to another or in different industries. In effect, most economists believe that lack of empirical clarity and certainty, with regard to recession, is a function of imperfect information. This is the dominant aspect in the modern economy theory (Stiglitz 293). Studies show that a direct instruction to a financial institution may affect the decisions the institution makes with regard to financial indicators (Global inflation Para.5). But the challenge still remains on whether this turns out to be the invisible hand. It should also be observed that other than instant, direct influence on financial policies, financial institutions apply policies which effects become manifested later on and in a direct way. This is the case of Investment bank Lehman Brothers Holdings. Short term bailouts by the government or other financial institutions cannot address the effects of bad policies and failed implementation of these principles (Green Para.1). The stimulus programs and government institutional bailout usually function according to the same principle of offsetting the current crisis, with the view to stabilize the situation over time. In su ch a case, investment in infrastructure, building a robust work force and developing better technologies are beneficial over time (Stiglitz 282). Financial bailouts and stimulus programs, plunged into consumerism, are ultimately detrimental to the economy. The institutions increase in liability with a reduction in assets and thus, face high inflation. The problem of inflation not only lies in bad investment policies of stimulus funds, but it is also rooted in the monetary and fiscal policies of the institutions and the government (Global inflation Para. 4). In perspective, poorly formulated stimulus programs and borrowing for consumerism do not solve challenges of recession. Governments may fail to curb on borrowing figures, or give more funds to the affected institutions but these may not make them fit to survive. The question of a country, institution or organization surviving from recession is evident in the social application of the Darwinian Theory of natural selection.Advertis ing Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If the countries are not bailed out and stimulus programs fail to rescue institutions, they are bound not to survive. Therefore, recovery plans from recession must be rooted in informed institutional policies, principles and theories. Quick bailouts and direct instructions may not bear long term fruits as far as curbing recession is concerned. This requires intensive, strategic research and implementation. Scholars and the government need to shoulder the responsibility of preventing and overcoming economic depression Works Cited â€Å"Global inflation. Back to the 1970s?† The Economist. 2004. Web. Green, Kelly. â€Å"What we learned from the financial crisis†. Wall Street Journal. 2013. Web. Stiglitz, Joseph. â€Å"The Current Economic Crisis and Lessons for Economic Theory†. Eastern Economic Journal 35.10(2009): 281-296. Print. This essay on The Current Economic Crisis and Lessons for Economic Theory was written and submitted by user Fiona Cochran to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.