Vulnerability Assessment Of The Network Security - 1281 Words

Introduction According to Kizza (2013), the rapid growth of networking has led to increased security risks. Many of these risks are as result of hacking, improper uses of network resources and network device vulnerabilities. Awareness of the various weaknesses and vulnerabilities is vital to the success of current networks (Kizza, 2013). The network security incidents are increasing at a disturbing rate every year. As the complexity of these threats increases, so do the security measures required to protect networks. Enterprise data center operators and analysts, network administrators as well as other data center experts need to understand the principles of security in order to safely deploy and manage networks today. Vulnerability†¦show more content†¦Table 1 lists security weaknesses found and their description. Table 1 Network Security Weaknesses Vulnerability Description TCP/IP protocol vulnerabilities Some internet protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and ICMP are intrinsically insecure. On the other hand Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), and SYN floods are closely related to the intrinsic insecure structure design of TCP. The network workstations operating system weaknesses The company uses the Windows network operating systems whose security problem needs address. Network equipment weaknesses The various types of network equipment, such as routers, firewalls, and switches, have security weaknesses that should be recognized and protected against. These weaknesses include the following: Password protection Inadequate authentication Routing protocols Firewall holes Configuration Weaknesses Network administrators and engineers need to fully understand what the configuration vulnerabilities are and correctly configure their computing and network devices. Table 2 lists configuration vulnerabilitiesShow MoreRelatedThe Process Of Conducting Vulnerability Assessments And Modeling Threats1122 Words   |  5 Pages The purpose of this report is to explain the process of conducting vulnerability assessments and modeling threats. Vulnerability assessments are conducted to keep organizations safe from device and network vulnerabilities. There is a process that should be followed in order to perform a proper vulnerability assessment, if it is followed properly the organization will eliminate most if not all vulnerabilities from their network. Modeling threats is also an important step in creating a safe computingRead MoreInterpreting The Results And Remediation1512 Words   |  7 PagesInterpreting the results and remediation. After the vulnerability assessment has taken place i t is time to interpret the results of the scan. This is where the organization finds out what the vulnerabilities of their network are. 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East Timor Assignment Free Essays

Term 4 Economics Essay –Jack Stickley East Timor is a country surrounded by a picturesque and untouched landscape that has inhabited people for centuries. In today’s society however, East Timor has been economically left behind in comparison to other western world super powers. As the country attempts to rebuild its national identity following their separation from the Indonesia regime, certain obstacles threaten to stop their progress to become a developed nation. We will write a custom essay sample on East Timor Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Least Developed Countries (LDC’s) can be commonly categorized by their lack of infrastructure and residential development, and visibly through the contrast to well developed countries of the Western world. The United Nations use the following criteria to identify LDC’s. Firstly, a low-income criterion based on a three-year average estimate of the GDP per capita, East Timor’s is under the required amount of $750 at $500. Secondly, a human resource weakness criterion involving a composite Augmented Physical Quality of Life Index (APQLI), currently in East Timor the adult literacy rate is at 58. % a meek figure in comparison to Australia, a developed country, whose figure is 99%. Finally, there is an economic vulnerability criterion focusing on the instability certain factors including exports and agriculture. East Timor’s trade is out of balance with exports reaching $10 million as apposed to a large import figure of $202 million and, while the Timorese use their land effectively there is only 8. 2% of land area considered to be arable land for agriculture. These figures display that East Timor has the characteristics of a LDC as they continue to be economically undeveloped. East Timor is struggling to emerge onto the global stage as the country has been troubled by past incidents that interfere with the nations attempt to develop economically. The country faces immediate obstacles including agricultural difficulties, the lack of infrastructure due to their previous destruction and political unrest and corruption. There is a significantly small amount of skilled Labor in East Timor especially in the urban areas, which is why it is difficult to rebuild many parts of the country destroyed at the end of the Indonesian regime. The country is divided by different religions, traditions and language spoken making it difficult to have an equal economic system. Although primarily an agricultural country, in the past 30 years the economy has been structured to be dependant on external transfers, even for food. East Timor has serious problems of illiteracy; malnutrition and disease, problems that will be intensify in the future due to the anticipated rapid population growth of this youthful population. 70% of the population support themselves by subsistence agriculture including crop farming and fishing, meaning much of the exchange is in the form of barter. Due to East Timor’s relatively poor and fragile soils, constant population relocation and disruption due to colonial laws, production is low but marginally within the bounds of sustainability. East Timor is now faced with the challenges of the decrease in the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to developing countries, the decrease in global official development assistance (ODA) and the decrease in trade preferences. A major dilemma for East Timor is to regain an adequate standard of living and with a greater degree of self-sufficiency; a rather difficult task. For East Timor the challenge of achieving economic stability and development is certainly a daunting prospect. When taking steps forward economically it is essential that innovative strategies are produced and an alternative non-western development culture is created. With the world gripped by oil shortage The Timor Sea Treaty, which is split 90% to 10% in favour of Timor, will be useful in the development of the country. Accessing income is currently difficult for workers and therefore they don’t have the capacity to invest or save what they do earn, but income can be earned and received through providing services and withholding this income from third parties that may interfere. East Timor is in desperate need of foreign dollars. A dependence on aid in the short term with an increased reliance on services in the medium to long term rather than the export of agricultural and manufactured commodities may be an optimum strategy for East Timor. Entrepreneurial skills need to be developed through a strong education system. Continued external support is required as the building blocks for East Timor to develop economically. The Government also has a significant role to play as it is crucial that the country adopts Macroeconomic policies which also generate productive work and income opportunities to develop sustainable livelihoods. It is important that the poor are assisted in their efforts to improve their farming and commodity production. East Timor is currently a country with economic, social and political difficulties and is a country that is fighting back following a difficult phase in the countries political life. However, if assistance is gained from other supporting countries, service and non-production activities gain majority in the economy the nation should be able to develop and be considered as a developed country. How to cite East Timor Assignment, Essay examples East Timor Assignment Free Essays Term 4 Economics Essay –Jack Stickley East Timor is a country surrounded by a picturesque and untouched landscape that has inhabited people for centuries. In today’s society however, East Timor has been economically left behind in comparison to other western world super powers. As the country attempts to rebuild its national identity following their separation from the Indonesia regime, certain obstacles threaten to stop their progress to become a developed nation. We will write a custom essay sample on East Timor Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Least Developed Countries (LDC’s) can be commonly categorized by their lack of infrastructure and residential development, and visibly through the contrast to well developed countries of the Western world. The United Nations use the following criteria to identify LDC’s. Firstly, a low-income criterion based on a three-year average estimate of the GDP per capita, East Timor’s is under the required amount of $750 at $500. Secondly, a human resource weakness criterion involving a composite Augmented Physical Quality of Life Index (APQLI), currently in East Timor the adult literacy rate is at 58. % a meek figure in comparison to Australia, a developed country, whose figure is 99%. Finally, there is an economic vulnerability criterion focusing on the instability certain factors including exports and agriculture. East Timor’s trade is out of balance with exports reaching $10 million as apposed to a large import figure of $202 million and, while the Timorese use their land effectively there is only 8. 2% of land area considered to be arable land for agriculture. These figures display that East Timor has the characteristics of a LDC as they continue to be economically undeveloped. East Timor is struggling to emerge onto the global stage as the country has been troubled by past incidents that interfere with the nations attempt to develop economically. The country faces immediate obstacles including agricultural difficulties, the lack of infrastructure due to their previous destruction and political unrest and corruption. There is a significantly small amount of skilled Labor in East Timor especially in the urban areas, which is why it is difficult to rebuild many parts of the country destroyed at the end of the Indonesian regime. The country is divided by different religions, traditions and language spoken making it difficult to have an equal economic system. Although primarily an agricultural country, in the past 30 years the economy has been structured to be dependant on external transfers, even for food. East Timor has serious problems of illiteracy; malnutrition and disease, problems that will be intensify in the future due to the anticipated rapid population growth of this youthful population. 70% of the population support themselves by subsistence agriculture including crop farming and fishing, meaning much of the exchange is in the form of barter. Due to East Timor’s relatively poor and fragile soils, constant population relocation and disruption due to colonial laws, production is low but marginally within the bounds of sustainability. East Timor is now faced with the challenges of the decrease in the flow of foreign direct investment (FDI) to developing countries, the decrease in global official development assistance (ODA) and the decrease in trade preferences. A major dilemma for East Timor is to regain an adequate standard of living and with a greater degree of self-sufficiency; a rather difficult task. For East Timor the challenge of achieving economic stability and development is certainly a daunting prospect. When taking steps forward economically it is essential that innovative strategies are produced and an alternative non-western development culture is created. With the world gripped by oil shortage The Timor Sea Treaty, which is split 90% to 10% in favour of Timor, will be useful in the development of the country. Accessing income is currently difficult for workers and therefore they don’t have the capacity to invest or save what they do earn, but income can be earned and received through providing services and withholding this income from third parties that may interfere. East Timor is in desperate need of foreign dollars. A dependence on aid in the short term with an increased reliance on services in the medium to long term rather than the export of agricultural and manufactured commodities may be an optimum strategy for East Timor. Entrepreneurial skills need to be developed through a strong education system. Continued external support is required as the building blocks for East Timor to develop economically. The Government also has a significant role to play as it is crucial that the country adopts Macroeconomic policies which also generate productive work and income opportunities to develop sustainable livelihoods. It is important that the poor are assisted in their efforts to improve their farming and commodity production. East Timor is currently a country with economic, social and political difficulties and is a country that is fighting back following a difficult phase in the countries political life. However, if assistance is gained from other supporting countries, service and non-production activities gain majority in the economy the nation should be able to develop and be considered as a developed country. How to cite East Timor Assignment, Papers

Clueless And Emma Essay Research Paper How free essay sample

Clueless And Emma Essay, Research Paper How does the transmutation of Austen s Mr.Elton into Heckerling s stress the values and context of each text? There are basic similarities in the values between the two societies of Clueless and Emma in societal degree, human relationships and image. However, the context is different, because of the times that the texts are based on. Emma by Jane Austen is set in 19th Century England, as opposed to Clueless which is in Beverly Hills USA in the twentieth century. Mr. Elton s position is without low connexions and is acceptable due to his profession. Similarly, Elton in Clueless has a high status- that is determined by his wealth and popularity as opposed to profession. But both realise, that to hold a high societal position and repute is of import. Mr. Elton s values lie in his intelligence, societal accomplishments and position within the society of Highbury. We will write a custom essay sample on Clueless And Emma Essay Research Paper How or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These values are transformed in Clueless, into values such as physical visual aspect, wealth and which determine Elton s position In the movie Clueless, from the get downing the spectator realises the tone is fast -paced and feverish. Heckerling utilizations techniques such as visuals, careful pick of music and camera shootings to convey this. Clueless moves significantly faster so Emma. The universe of the movie and a few of the character are introduced within the first 15 proceedingss, where it is much longer in the novel. The first vocal we hear is childs in America accompanied by a collage. The vocal Kids in America is loud, fast and conveys a sense of freedom. The wordss represents what Cher s life is about- partying and holding merriment. The collage is made up of fast shootings that are vivacious and full of coloring material. The spectator realises that even leisure in the universe of Clueless is difficult work. The sense of leisure is really different in the fresh Emma. The gait is slow and relaxed doing the universe about inactive. Although we meet a batch of characters that are involved in peculiar p rofessions, Austen neer shows these characters really at work or even sing their responsibilities. She besides illustrates this slow paced universe by utilizing different narrative manners such as auctorial invasion, Emma s witting and duologue. Emma s witting frequently gives the reader her point of positions, an penetration to her character and the values of the society. This is besides apparent when Austen uses duologue to demo the values of the society at the clip. From the beginning we see many similarities in values and personality between the characters Mr Elton and Elton. Mr Elton is the local vicar of Highbury and is hence well-thought-of. He still has some societal status- as he is involved with the Church and is without low connexions but is below the Woodhouses as he is a reverend. In clueless, Elton s position is determined by wealth and popularity. He is the boy of a wealth movie manager and is physically attractive- this gives him a high societal position in Clueless. In this mercenary and superficial society, image, money and physical visual aspect are important values. This is apparent when Cher negotiations about Elton to Tai, and positions him from afar, she says that Elton is one of the most popular male childs and that they are the lone boys to date.. Already, we see Elton s repute get downing to organize through Cher s position. The stopping point up camera shooting of Elton in his expensive apparels, while smiling besides gives the spectator an feeling of a privileged life. The facets that are valued in the society of Highbury are manners, repute and acceptable matrimonies. Austen makes merely the most general comments on visual aspect, but goes into great item on the manners of each of her characters and whether or non it is proper. Through Emma s consciousness and conversations with her household and friends, the reader learns that Mr Elton has agreeable manners and is respected by all people in the Highbury community. The reader chiefly learns of Mr Elton s position and repute through what people say about him Mr Elton is good humoured, compeling and soft really agreeable..quite the gentleman himself. The first clip that Emma references Mr Elton, is to her male parent who agrees that he is a really good immature adult male, which illustrates his good repute within Highbury. Both Elton and Mr. Elton are seeking for a comrade in the movie and the novel. However, their method of wooing differs due to the values of the clip. Elton is much more direct in his idiosyncrasy so Mr.Elton. Although Elton takes a more elusive attack, he expresses his desires really clearly and is non embarrassed or fazed by his ain straightness. Here, Heckerling shows the assurance and spoiled nature of teenage childs. This is apparent when he frequently shows fondness for Cher in the schoolroom, and when he demands to take Cher place. Although he is rejected by Cher, he appears more set back and insouciant about it so Mr. Elton in Emma. Although Mr Elton does non straight state her until the proposal scene, this is because of the values of the clip. Mr Elton is described as a gentleman, and it was good manners and societal etiquette to tribunal a adult female for some clip before suggesting. In the portrayal scene, when Emma suggests painting Harriet s portrayal we see that Elton is unmistakably in love with Emma even though Emma believes that Elton is interested in Harriet. The reader sees that Elton s munificent regards and his close survey of Emma while she is painting is to demo his love for her. Mr Elton fidgeting behind her and watching every touch.. This portrayal scene is transformed into the photograph scene in Clueless. Here, is the first clip that the spectator sees that Elton has a little involvement in Cher. Though it is elusive, it is still apparent through Elton s facial looks and actions. The spectator sees an confidant shooting of Dionne and Murray, while it pans across to Elton, and so Tai, behind Elton. This contrasts the deficiency of familiarity between Elton and Tai, and makes it even more obvious to the spectator his involvement in Cher when Cher s asks him to set his arm around Tai and he does it grudging- and does it merely because Cher asks him to. Here, we see that Mr Elton and Elton s manner of attack relationships are different b ecause of the values of the clip and the context.

Ryan Poulos Essays - Internal Combustion Engine, Tuned Exhaust

Ryan Poulos English 101 The Technology Of A Snowmobile Engine If you study and look at the history of a snowmobile engine, it has improved in many ways. I feel they have improved in two major ways. Number one being in performance, and number two they're more environmentally safe. In order for you to understand how this has happened, I will explain to you the engine of a snowmobile. A snowmobile engine is called a 2-cycle engine. This means unlike a 4-cycle which you would find in a car, 2-cycle engines fire every time the piston reaches ( top dead center ) T.D.C. Now if you look at a 4-cycle, or car engine it only fires every other time the piston reaches T.D.C. This advantage gives snowmobiles a great power to weight ratio. If you stop and take a look at a twin 600cc two cycle, it produces about 110 horsepower. Now if you take 600cc and convert it to cubic inches you get 36.6ci providing 110 horsepower. Further more we can compare that to a car and see the advantage. If you take a V8 305 cubic inches, you would figure out that it only has about 240 horsepower for all those cubic inches, and all that extra whight. That's how snowmobiles can be so powerful, but still so small and light weight. Unfortunately over the years people discovered a problem. Environmentalist thought if the piston fired every time it reached T.D.C., it had to be releasing gas and oil through the exhaust and into our atmosphere. This posed a problem for the snowmobile industry. But the companies researched and came up with three things. One is fuel injection so only the right amount of fuel is let in to the engine. This allows it to burn all the fuel, but is not very good for performance enthusiasts. So for performance machines they went back to carburetors, but cleaned the engines up two different ways. They started producing machines with variable timing, and variable exhaust. Variable Timing is done electronically by the more you advance the throttle to let the fuel in the engine, it electronically advances the timing so it fires faster to burn all the fuel faster and cleaner. Variable exhaust is a regulation of the exhaust port. This works by a slide or valve, that varies the shape of the port for true tuned exhaust. This helps burn all the fuel and gets the exhaust out the most efficient way. Another exhaust trick they use is right in the pipe itself. Today they use a megaphone pipe, to create a Venturi ( increases velocity) effect, that sucks out burned exhaust better than a normal pipe. Year by year snowmobile engines increase in performance and become more efficient and environmentally safe. This all goes together to benefit mankind in there needs and wants, and nature in its cleanliness so we can continue to go out and see nature's amazing beauty.

Kafkas Truth essays

Kafkas Truth essays Despite the intentional ambiguity in his work, Franz Kafkas stories do contain a few common thematic threads. Kafkas search for truth, be it about relationships, justice, religion, or human nature is the one interpretation that most critics agree upon. Wilhelm Emrich, a highly acclaimed professor in Berlin, states that Kafkas writings can only be interpreted by accepting the full truth: An assistive and willing readiness for the full truth means the ability to renounce all personal, limited ideas, wishes, and efforts of will and to enter into the fullness of all of that-which-is (50). What he is suggesting is that in order to truly hear what Kafka has to say, one is required to completely disregard the conventional. For example, if one were to read The Metamorphosis, and merely regurgitate the surface details of the story, they would entirely miss the truth behind it. On the level of relationships, the average reader might be touched by the familys tolerance for the creature, noting that they may not have been able to do the same in a similar situation. He or she may overlook the truth of this story as the realization that even the most beautiful, most tender relations among people are founded on illusions (Emrich, 142). Where was the beloved sister after his presence became burdensome? Did his family not remember his contributions to pay off the debts owed by his father? Of course not, because they became comfortable in their situation and took Gregor for granted. When his family was convinced that no hope remained for his recovery, they moved on with their lives as if Gregor no longer existed. It is difficult to draw from The Metamorphosis, any particular divine theme without first knowing that religion was the whole world to Kafka and that he viewed the total sum of possible experience in terms of religion (Muir, 36). There is ...

How to Write a Childrens Book in 5 Simple Steps the Master Guide

How to Write a Childrens Book in 5 Simple Steps the Master Guide How to Write a Children's Book: an Author's Guide So you want to know how to write a children’s book? That’s great news. Children and teenagers are some of the most devoted readers out there - just don't  underestimate the size of the task in front of you. A children’s book is sometimes mistakenly seen as â€Å"easy† to write when, in fact, the opposite is true. You’ll need to nail all the essential elements like your voice, structure, plot, and characterization†¦ with fewer pages.In this post, we ask some of our top children’s book editors for their tips on how to create a book that publishers and readers will want to buy. And from their advice, we're going to show you how to write a children's book in five steps:Understand the children's book market (and your category)Create memorable charactersTell an engaging storyHone your voiceDetermine whether you need an illustratorLet's drill a little deeper into each step, starting with the first...For some awesome examples, check out the 1 20 best children's books of all time!Step 1. Understand the children’s book market  (and your category)"The children's publishing industry deems a book successful based upon sales data, but if you want to know which books work, just look for Scotch tape. Look for the books with the weird stains on the pages, with frayed covers, torn-and-taped pages - the books that have been read so many times that they are completely falling apart. These are the hallmarks of a successful children's book." - Brian Saliba, children's editorBefore you write a word of your book, you need to figure out your target audience. You can’t expect a five-year-old kid, for instance, to give a preteen’s book the time of day - and vice versa! Literary agents, in particular, will discard any book that’s not demographic-friendly, which is why children's editor Anna Bowles advises you to tailor every aspect of your book to your age band. This includes:TopicLengthStylePlot complexityL et’s take a closer look at each of the major categories in the children’s book market. How is the children's book market split up? Find out in this guide to children's books Picture books (Ages 5-7)It’s important to note that not all books with pictures are picture books. In industry terms, a picture book is a book that relies equally on illustrations and words to tell the story. Since picture books are meant to be a child’s first reading experience, the word count is going to be very low (500 words or fewer, 1,000 tops). To perfect your written work, consider sharing it with friends, family, and children’s writing communities (such as Children’s Book Authors on Facebook or a writing group in your area). You should also test your book on your target audience: children. Kids are brutally honest so their feedback will be very valuable.If you think that you need a specialist's touch, you might want to hire a professional editor. Their decades of experience will improve your storytelling and make sure that your book is ready for the market. You can find out the cost of hiring a professional children’s book editor here.Taking the next stepOnce you’re happy with your book, it’s time to take the last step and put it out there for children to read. You can dive deep into the process in this extensive guide to publishing a children’s book.If you’re planning to self-publish, you’ll want to start thinking about marketing. Here’s a free 10-day course that provides marketing strategies to help you promote your children’s book before, during, and after its launch.Most of all, never lose sight of your goal. The journey to writing a successful children’s book might be hard, but it’ll be worth it when you picture your book in the hands of young readers everywhere.Are you writing a children's book right now? Do you have any more questions for our professional editors? Leave them in the comment box below and we'll answer right away!

Stem Cell Research Legislation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stem Cell Research Legislation - Essay Example The Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act, aside from its ability to establish potential information for the benefit of the Americans, was hoping from the start to receive financial support from the government, and consensus votes among the legislators in both Congress and Senate (US Congress, 2010, p.9967). However, the Congressional Bill, Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act, vetoed by Bush administration, was highlighting scientific progress which would be under constraint through living up to ethical responsibilities (Rimmer, 2008, p.258). Under this point, stem cell research has difficulty finding funding support from the Federal Government, which leads to varying scrutiny from the point of view of the scientific community. Recently, the stem cell research is heading forward to human embryonic stem cells by viable preimplantation embryos through in vitro fertilization. However, it is not only in the US this substantially receives rejection leading to highly controlled legislative reg ulation, but including in some European countries like Austria, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, and Slovakia, primarily due to controversial ethical concerns associated with it (Atala, Lanza, Thomson & Nerem, 2010, p.215). However, some countries especially India, Israel, Singapore, China, Australia, Italy, Sweden, United Kingdom and other European countries have already implemented liberal and research-favorable regulatory policies associated with stem cell research (James, 2009, p.6). Unlike the US which is currently struggling to draft regulatory policies, these countries are remarkably looking forward to investigate and know more about the health benefits and great promises of stem cell technology for the humanity. Understanding this will eventually lead someone to think the prevailing legislative state of affairs going on in the US with stem cell research. In addition, some concern on this issue would be in line with knowing where the law on stem cells in th e US is heading in the future considering its highly conservative effort on this matter. As already stated, the prevailing state of affairs concerning stem cell research in the US is quite politically motivated from the point of view of scientific community. However, the federal government on the other hand just like with the stand of Bush administration, would want to emphasize the great influence of science and technology on the humanity together with its huge ethical concerns. In line with this concern, the Obama administration is also considering substantial restriction concerning legislative regulation for stem cells technology and research (Atala, Lanza, Thomson & Nerem, 2010, p.215). From the stand point of scientific community, the restrictions on legislative regulation hinder stem cells researchers to optimize better understanding on stem cells’ potential advantage for the humanity. However, it is clear that the law on stem cells in the US is heading to major progres sion. Just this year, Texas Board approves rules on use of stem cells (Park, 2012). However, there is a great controversy that proliferates upon the emancipation of this ruling. The rules include the use of adult stem cells. However, the great issue of concern at this point is on the safety of using adult stem cells, which at this point has not yet been proven feasible and safe (Park, 2012). So the real issue has

Compare and contrast christianity and islam Essay

Compare and contrast christianity and islam - Essay Example This, perhaps, is as a result of the fact that Islam follows Christianity the chronology of world religions. Some – and they would not be completely wrong to suggest it – suggest that Islam is built from the writings and teachings of Christianity. This essay will examine the similarities and the differences between these two dominant world faiths through a discussion focused on two distinctly different yet related stories contained their respective scriptures, the Bible and the Qu’ran; the stories of Ascension and Armageddon. If we look for commonalties between Islam and Christianity, one of the most poignant commonalities is the ascension of Jesus Christ and the Prophet Muhammad. In Christianity, the ascension of Christ is discussed without ambiguity in Acts 1:9-11, and is referenced with less specificity in Luke 24:51 (Filson, Floyd, 1956, p. 49). While it tends to be the practice of many Christians to focus on the Resurrection as the most important event in the life and death of Jesus Christ, the event which should be the most significant is the Ascension, because it is the fulfillment of the promise made by Jesus during his testimony before the masses. â€Å"For the first Christians, the Resurrection was not the end of the story; it was the climax which leads to momentous developments. Jesus was exalted at the right hand of God (Acts: 2:33) (Filson, 1956, p. 49).† The language that is used to discuss the Ascension of Christ is one of mankind, in order that Christians be able to visualize Jesus in heave; because, as Floyd Filson points out in his book, Jesus Christ: The Risen Lord, it serves the Christian understanding to be able to visualize Christ sitting in heaven at the right hand of God (1956, p. 50). This visualization facilitates the more meaningful idea of the Exaltation of Christ in heaven with God (1956, p. 50). â€Å". . . indeed, eleven New Testament books, by at least seven different writers, refer clearly to this

Marketing and Food Essay Example for Free

Marketing and Food Essay This literature review will focus on exploring marketing strategies employed when selling food. I will be looking at what influence these marketing strategies have on consumers decision making process and the effectiveness of these strategies. It is clear that consumers dont all buy the same things and I am interested to find out what causes this difference in product selection. There are many things that can influence these decisions, from the placement of products or the aesthetics of the product. Food companies may also take location or population into account when choosing what product to sell and where to sell it. Demographical marketing strategies use population statistics as a way of finding out what products will sell best. Lars Perner[1] uses age demographic as an example. â€Å"a firm interested in entering the market for sports drinks in a given country, or worldwide, might investigate the number of people between the ages of fifteen and thirty-five, who would constitute a particularly significant market.† In some countries such as Germany, it has been noted that the birth rate is dropping significantly, in this sort of market, a company may steer away from creating a baby food product in favour of a product geared towards older people, this is due to the old age market being larger than the young age market. Perner also discusses upward pull marketing. This takes advantage of social class in order to increase ones desire for a product. By Portraying a product as something the upper class society would consume, it can take advantage of the consumers desire to advance their social class. Companies such as Haagen-Daas, who display their product as a luxury ice-cream, and several wine brands make use of this strategy. The layout of a supermarket also has a dramatic effect on food sales. One example is the location of the entrance into supermarkets. One study[2] suggests that if the entrance to a supermarket is located on the right side, it encourages counter-clockwise movement throughout the supermarket. Whereas if the entrance is on the left, it encourages clockwise movement. The study claims â€Å"counter-clockwise shoppers spend $2 more per trip, than clockwise shoppers.† Products that have a large profit margin are usually located around the perimeter of the supermarket, as most shoppers favour travelling around the perimeter than traversing up and down the isles. Fresh fruit and vegetable sections are usually located at the start or end of the supermarket, and are presented as a cleaner and more welcoming area to the rest of the supermarket as most shoppers spend the most money in this section. Items placed at the ends of aisles serve as and introduction the items the customer will find in that aisle, the items in the centre of the aisle will receive less time with the customer, so items that will make more of a profit will be placed towards the end of aisles. Commonly purchased items such as milk or bread are generally located at the back of a supermarket, forcing the consumer to travel through many other products in order to get the item they need. It is then that advertising and aesthetic marketing come into play. Different tactics are employed in certain aisles in order to force customers into decisions. One example may be[3] the use of music and lights in junk food aisles. By using loud music and bright lights, the supermarket may cause the customer to be overwhelmed and make an impulse decision on what to buy, they may reach out for something that would comfort them, such as their favourite junk food. In a different situation, a supermarket may employ the use of dim lights and relaxing music, in order to convince the customer to take their time and spend more time in the supermarket, in turn having them buy more products. Some supermarkets tend to move items around from time to time in order to confuse their customers, having them search through all the aisles in order to find the product, picking up other products along the way. The location of the product is also important, most customers tend to only look at products at are at eye level. The most expensive items will also be found at eye level, with better deals being hidden away above or below. The packaging of a product can also influence the decisions of a consumer. †More expensive brands tend to have fancier labelling then generic brands. Therefore we assume the quality is better and are willing to pay higher prices, regardless of whether that is true[4]† Supermarkets also make use of the senses in order to draw customers in and attempt to force them into buying something they didnt intend to. They will cater to sight by using colours to evoke certain feelings, light blues and pinks may be used around baby food or sweet sections in order to appeal to children. Reds may be used around alcoholic beverages in order to appeal to consumers emotions such as anger or love, both of which have ties with alcohol and the colour red. They may bake fresh cakes and cookies in the bakery section to draw customers into buying the products due to the appealing smell. These findings provide evidence of a definite link between the marketing strategies used by supermarkets and brands, and the effect they have on sales of products. A number of ways in which strategies are employed have been noted, such as demographical marketing, placement of products and product aesthetics. Bibliography Perner, L. (2008). Food Marketing. Food Marketing. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/food_marketing.html (2008) The science of supermarket psychology | tribalinsight. The science of supermarket psychology | tribalinsight. [ONLINE] Available at:http://tribalinsight.wordpress.com/2008/08/19/supermarket-psychology/ (2008) Supermarket tricks. 2008, Supermarket tricks. [ONLINE] Available at: http://today.ninemsn.com.au/moneyandconsumer/598695/supermarket-tricks [1]Perner, L. (2008). Food Marketing. Food Marketing. [ONLINE] Available at:http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/food_marketing.html [2](2008) The science of supermarket psychology | tribalinsight. The science of supermarket psychology | tribalinsight. [ONLINE] Available at:http://tribalinsight.wordpress.com/2008/08/19/supermarket-psychology/ [3](2008) Supermarket tricks. 2008, Supermarket tricks. [ONLINE] Available at: http://today.ninemsn.com.au/moneyandconsumer/598695/supermarket-tricks [4](2008) Supermarket tricks. 2008, Supermarket tricks. [ONLINE] Available at: http://today.ninemsn.com.au/moneyandconsumer/598695/supermarket-tricks

There Are No Children Here - If I Grow Up Essay -- There are No Childr

There Are No Children Here - If I Grow Up  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      "If I grow up, I'd like to be a bus driver." If -- not when. Sentiments like this echo hauntingly through the pages of Alex Kotlowitz's account of his two-year documentation of the lives of two brothers, Lafeyette and Pharoah Rivers. The boys are afforded little happiness and too much grief, trying to survive from day to day in their appartment at the crime-ridden Henry Horner Homes housing project on the outskirts of Chicago. When Kotlowitz approached the boys' mother, LaJoe, about writing the book about her children, she agreed with him, but felt the need to set him straight. "But you know, there are no chlidren here. They've seen too much to be children," LaJoe told Kotlowitz. Lajoe moved to Horner when she was a young girl with her family of thirteen. The family had been living in a flat above a church that lacked adequate heating and frequently rang of organ music from the church below. Hearing of the newly finshed public housing projects for financially disadvantaged families, LaJoe's parents packed up the family and moved to one of the new buildings. When the family first arrived in their new home, they could not believe their eyes. It looked like a palace. Outside there were yellow flowers and lamp posts. The exterior of the building was made of sturdy, dark-red brick. Inside, the walls were a pristine white, with shiney linoleum floors. A new range and refrigerator awaited in the kitchen. It seemed like a dream to them -- until it all came crashing down. One of Lajoe's sisters was found strangled in the family's bathtub. Then, upon hearing the news of his sisters death, one of Lajoe's brothers had a heart attack and died. LaJoe's parents packed up soon ... ...sing the possibility of suing her husband for child support with someone. As for the analysis of the book itself, although the author aims toward providing a chronicle of two years in the lives of the two brothers, he actually ends up writing more about their mother. He discusses LaJoe's parents, how they met and married and why they moved to Horner. He depicts LaJoe as an extremely kind-hearted yet tough woman who will do anything to help not only her own family, but all the neighborhood children as well. LaJoe feeds and cares for many of the neighborhood children. For this, she is rare and special in an environment of black mothers who are prostitutes and drug addicts. She sticks by her children when most mothers would be ashamed and disown them. I finished this book feeling a great deal of respect and admiration for LaJoe and everytihg she went through.    There Are No Children Here - If I Grow Up Essay -- There are No Childr There Are No Children Here - If I Grow Up  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      "If I grow up, I'd like to be a bus driver." If -- not when. Sentiments like this echo hauntingly through the pages of Alex Kotlowitz's account of his two-year documentation of the lives of two brothers, Lafeyette and Pharoah Rivers. The boys are afforded little happiness and too much grief, trying to survive from day to day in their appartment at the crime-ridden Henry Horner Homes housing project on the outskirts of Chicago. When Kotlowitz approached the boys' mother, LaJoe, about writing the book about her children, she agreed with him, but felt the need to set him straight. "But you know, there are no chlidren here. They've seen too much to be children," LaJoe told Kotlowitz. Lajoe moved to Horner when she was a young girl with her family of thirteen. The family had been living in a flat above a church that lacked adequate heating and frequently rang of organ music from the church below. Hearing of the newly finshed public housing projects for financially disadvantaged families, LaJoe's parents packed up the family and moved to one of the new buildings. When the family first arrived in their new home, they could not believe their eyes. It looked like a palace. Outside there were yellow flowers and lamp posts. The exterior of the building was made of sturdy, dark-red brick. Inside, the walls were a pristine white, with shiney linoleum floors. A new range and refrigerator awaited in the kitchen. It seemed like a dream to them -- until it all came crashing down. One of Lajoe's sisters was found strangled in the family's bathtub. Then, upon hearing the news of his sisters death, one of Lajoe's brothers had a heart attack and died. LaJoe's parents packed up soon ... ...sing the possibility of suing her husband for child support with someone. As for the analysis of the book itself, although the author aims toward providing a chronicle of two years in the lives of the two brothers, he actually ends up writing more about their mother. He discusses LaJoe's parents, how they met and married and why they moved to Horner. He depicts LaJoe as an extremely kind-hearted yet tough woman who will do anything to help not only her own family, but all the neighborhood children as well. LaJoe feeds and cares for many of the neighborhood children. For this, she is rare and special in an environment of black mothers who are prostitutes and drug addicts. She sticks by her children when most mothers would be ashamed and disown them. I finished this book feeling a great deal of respect and admiration for LaJoe and everytihg she went through.   

Guide for Writing Project Proposals

Guide for Writing Project Proposals This is a summary of how to write good, concise proposals for course projects. The focus of this summary is on programming or implementation projects, but the general ideas can be applied to most proposals. The recommended lengths of sections are given assuming a document length of 2 to 5 pages. Use appropriate scaling for longer proposal documents. Sample Outline The following is a sample outline for a project proposal.Note that all questions for a section may not apply to your proposal, and should be used as a general guide only. 1. Introduction (1 or 2 paragraphs) 1. Motivation Sentence 2. Summarize the problem (1 or 2 sentences) 3. Summarize the solution (1 or 2 sentences) 4. Describe format of rest of proposal (sections, etc. ) 2. Motivation (1 to 3 paragraphs) 1. What is the history of the problem? 2. Why is this problem interesting? 3. When and why does the problem occur? 4. Is the problem already solved? What is done now? 5.Are there any si milar systems or solutions to the one you propose? If so, reference and very briefly explain them. 6. Are there are possible improvements to current solutions? 3. Project Summary (1 paragraph) 1. What in general will this project achieve? (Do not delve into details or timelines. ) 4. Project Details 1. Architecture and Environment (2-3 paragraphs + figures) 1. Describe the project environment (software, hardware, languages, organizations, etc. ) 2. Diagrams and figures are useful here if appropriate. . What software, hardware, or tools will you use? 2. Implementation Issues and Challenges (2-3 paragraphs) 1. What will be the most difficult issues and challenges in the implementation? 2. How are you using or extending current tools/systems for your problem? 3. What makes your project unique? 3. Deliverables (3-5 paragraphs – point-form may be used for some of the description) 1. What will the project produce? (program, report, etc. ) 2. Describe in relative detail the features of each of the project's products. 3.You may wish to separate deliverables into phases and indicate optional components given time. 4. Emphasize what your project contributes or achieves! 4. Timeline (1 paragraph – point-form is suitable) 1. Provide an estimated timeline of project deliverables and important dates. 5. Conclusion (1 paragraph) 1. Summarize the project including the problem, motivation, and proposed solution, and re-state important (planned) contributions. 6. References 1. List references used to compile proposal and references that will be used for project (if already known).

Analysis of “The Soldier” by Rupert Brooke

â€Å"The Soldier† by Rupert Brooke Analysis â€Å"The Soldier†, is a British patriotic sonnet written by Rupert Brooke in 1914. It expresses love for the mother country which in this case is Great Britain. This poem describes the physical aspects of death and the writer’s opinion of it. Although death is the main point in this poem, it not depicted in a twisted and gruesome manner. Rather, death in this poem is a sacrifice. â€Å"The Soldier† is a patriotic poem. The purpose of patriotic poems during WWI was to motivate people to enlist for the armed forces.It is quite similar to a piece of propaganda, asking in a way for people to join the armed forces; to take his place should he be killed –â€Å"If I should die, think only this of me†. We know that this poem is patriotic because of the last three lines of the first stanza, in particular –â€Å"A body of England’s, breathing English air,† We also know this poem is patr iotic because it was written in 1914, when the war just started and spirits were high. After a while though, the enthusiasm dropped as people began to discover the nasty and cruel conditions of the trenches.By the end of war, famine and constant bomb raids had completely obliterated all signs of patriotism. In the first stanza, Brooke mentions his belief of the physical aspects of death for one’s country. The â€Å"foreign field† is where his body will lay forever. The soil contains the soul of a glorious man who died for his country. Brooke believes that if he dies there, the soil around his body will become a part of England as a result of the purity of his soul –â€Å"That is forever England,† The soldier was brought up by England and as a result, his thoughts and beliefs are both influenced by England.When he dies, all of his evil deeds and sins have been forgiven because he gave the ultimate sacrifice; to die for one’s country. Brooke also bel ieves that, because the motherland was so nice to him, he must give back what she has given to him; that he must lay down his life to ensure that the motherland stays a free country. It is the only thing that he can give back to the motherland to say thanks. Throughout this poem, England is personified as a mother. It demonstrates how important the soldiers of England really are to the country itself.Brooke writes this poem in a patriotic and joyful manner. He does not believe that dying for your country is a traumatic experience. This in contrast to another famously acclaimed poem by Wilfred Owen –â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† Brooke believes that dying for one’s country is a brave and honourable thing to do, especially during war. It states that should the person die, he should not be mourned, instead he should be looked upon as a selfless sacrifice to England.Although the poem itself is referring to one person; himself, the title suggests that this poem is repr esenting all soldiers, as when soldiers fight in wars, they lose their identity and become cogs in a big machine. To conclude, Rupert Brooke’s â€Å"The Soldier† is a patriotic poem about a soldier who had great love for his country. Brooke presents this sonnet as a piece of propaganda and encourages people to enlist for the armed forces. This poem describes the ideas of death in a mind of a patriotic person and gives us an insight into Brooke’s style of writing. Overall, this is a poem about honour and glory, about life and death.

buy custom Johnsons Preface to the English Dictionary essay

buy custom Johnson's 'Preface' to the English Dictionary essay All things in this world are continually in a state of transformation. Language, like the rest of the things in this universe, adheres to this broad-spectrum notion. Johnsons work tries to adjudicate the high regard for a written language among the various types of English that would boast of a fixed, acceptable form and a complete set of conclusions. He had an unreasonable admiration for his communal associates. He endeavors to code the English language in his well-known dictionary. He opts for the upper- and middle- class usage as a means to achieve his objective. In many occasions, Johnson had pronounced against the lower-class oral language. Contrary to this, he favored the written and oral languages of the prestigious social groups in the society. In the wake of things, the author decides to correct this anomaly. This is substantiated by his statement, I have labored to improve our language to grammatical clarity and to free it from immoral idioms, colloquial barbarism and crooked combinations (Woolf 2005). Through this statement, he asserted that there existed certain standards of accuracy in the English language that needed to be adhered to by others. Johnsons preface to the English Dictionary intends to alleviate the good judgment of linguistic crisis. He achieves this through the provision of a structure that illustrates the language and points of suggestions that attempt to resolve the problems associated with meanings and grammar. In addition, the authors undertaking pays a lot of attention to the genuine utilization of the language as much as it was accomplished by the engagement of a diminutive section of speakers (Woolf 2005). The authors peculiarity brings to mind more than the strangeness connected to intellection. In his work, Johnson is determined to stabilize the language and make it acceptable to the whole society. He intends to bring changes in the pronunciation and usage of the language rather than to compel unyielding regulations, similar to those of the continental academies, on the society. This dictionary makes clear the various meanings and understanding of words through close evaluation of the use of quotations from authoritative and renowned authors. The diversity of the dictionary reflects on the vast reading and knowledge that Johnson acquired in matters regarding quotations. This dictionary was written down with the assistance of several amanuenses. From the beginning, Johnsons Dictionary brings out the necessity to view the theme and intentions of this piece of work as captivating. The generations of his audience, prior to his medical diagnosis, would find his work enticing and knowledgeable. As much as there existed other dictionary makers prior to Johnson, the personality of the lexicographer was efficiently and effectively invented by him. In his cause of action, Johnson reinvented himself as the imminent figure in matters concerned with literature. This is the reason why he is widely renowned in literature records. The author almost took this lexicographer invention as a general standard of linguistics. He proposed that this change in linguistics led to technical words assuming a metaphorical sense. He writes in his preface that, The inventive sense of words is frequently driven out of use by their metaphorical accepations, yet must be inserted for the sake of a regular origination. Furthermore, he states that, I know not whether ardour is used for material heat, or whether flagrant in English ever signifies the same with the burning. In this case, the author highlights the, primitive ideas of these words (Woolf 2005). By contrast, Johnson transforms the scientific connotation to the most important and natural one. He then demotes the psychological significance to secondary category through the numbering system he employed. However, if the entire arch of definitions, operating from ardent, through ardently, to the ultimate ardour is analysed, it can be viewed clearly that the move was not only from a technical to a figurative one but, involved other several steps. These steps included: the move from the philosophical and natural aspect to the imaginary and literary one. The focal point of Johnsons dictionary, as highlighted in the lifestyle he had, lies in his works and readings. He relates his works with the writings of other authors such as Shakespeare, where he obtains illustrations. These illustrations are not only for words but also, the different worlds in which they lived in. Johnson dwelled in unearthing the original intention to a novel one. This was to make him significant as he discovered the words and meanings that matched his thoughts. The authors readings sought to relate the appropriate quotations to subsequently correct meanings. The recognition of him as of unsound mind was due to the discovery that his work, in whichever form, would oftenly be incomplete. Johnson realized the weaknesses in his work as well as prior works with regard to dictionary writing. He states that, No dictionary of a living tongue can ever be perfect, since while it is hastening to publication, some words are budding, and some falling way. This further highlights that as much as the dictionary he had written was intended to bring changes to the English language, it was liable to corrections. He goes on to assert that, A whole life cannot be spent on syntax and etymology (Woolf 2005). Johnsons eye opener, in the end, brings out the notion of a poet predestined to augment a lexicographer rather than a linguist who is incompetent in putting words correctly. His claim that, even a whole life would not be sufficient further brings out the picture of a patronized poet who suddenly discovers that he is a contemporary author. Just like an individual frantically tries to run away from something, Johnson realizes that all he could do was to throw himself to anything that awaited him in the course of attaining his objective. This gave him the motivation to continue with his intentions though he faced constant evolution of the language. Indeed, despite the fact that Johnsons original arrangement of the English dictionary was filled with authoritarian sentiments, demonstrating that he was resolute to set English in the right path once and for all, through the procedure of penning down the mighty book, he became much more up dated in his understanding of the language. Whereas it was, with no doubt, that his personal vision was to see his associate Englishmen write and speak in the approved manner, the lessons obtained from his personal dictionary educated him on the variation that existed between staagnation and stability. In addition, his dictionary imparted a deeper sense of understanding about the living, fluid significance of his indigenous language. The author acknowledged so much in the preface to the English Dictionary when he in scripted,Those who have been persuaded to think well of my design will require that I should fix our language. He goes on to say that he should, ...put a stop to those alterations, which time and chance have hitherto been suffered to make in it without opposition (Woolf 2005). With this in mind, he confessed that he had flattered for a while. However, he starts to get frightened that he had indulged in expectations which neither reason nor experience could justify. This does not imply that he had given up and fallen in tandem with what, in the contemporary manner of speaking, would be referred to as, explanatory school. Johnson remained exceptionally old-fashioned in his perception of language as he put forward in his preface that, Much less ought our written language to comply with the corruptions of oral utterance, or copy that which every variation of time or place makes different from itself (Wool f 2005). Having examined a bit of lexicographical account, Johnsons evolving intentions for his work concerning the Dictionary, his execution techniques, innovative utilization of quotations, working affiliation with his team of amanuenses, his supposition of etymology as well as the clarification of several misconceptions, it brings out the urge to question the significance of his contributions to the English language. Putting in mind the manner in which the author wrote the Dictionary and the changes imparted in the English language, it is clear that Johnsons contribution was a very essential transformation part of the English language. Samuel Johnsons preface to the English Dictionary has remained an authoritative piece of work in the literal field for a very long period of time since its publication. The Dictionary set the precedent by which successive dictionaries would be written and moderated. The essence of Johnsons Dictionary is very conspicuous. To the amateur, intermittent and much-quoted comic descriptions found throughout this piece of work, alongside the extra unconventional characterizations provided, this may display the Dictionary as well as the author as inconsequential. However, through deep analysis of this piece of work, the bona fide merit of such a phenomenal accomplishment and admiration for Johnson, as an intellectual giant, is attained. The hasty turnover in terminology and the continual amendments in the connotation of words, often openly reveal social changes in the human world. Johnsons Dictionary seem to confirm this through its assertion that, As any custom is disused, the words that expressed it must perish with it; as any opinion grows popular, it will innovate speech in the same proportion as it alters practice (Woolf 2005). In conjunction with vocabulary alterations, there exist other minimal changes that are continually in evolution. These changes mainly affect the languages syntax and sound. Through his work, Johnson has managed to put forward that the English language fluctuates and transforms as time goes by within an individuals lifetime. Buy custom Johnson's 'Preface' to the English Dictionary essay

PODCAST Build a Marketing Strategy For 9,360% Bigger Results

PODCAST Build a Marketing Strategy For 9,360% Bigger Results Are you getting more out of your marketing than you’re putting into it? Nathan Ellering is the head of demand generation at , and he wants you to be able to say that you’re getting the results you want from your marketing, your content, and your social media. Nathan is also the author of The Ultimate Guide to Marketing Strategy, so he’s a bit of an expert on the topic! We’re going to be talking to him today about how you can generate quality leads, get the traffic and traction that you want, and make your marketing strategy a success. What Nathan does at as the head of demand generation. The story behind the launch of the Ultimate Guide to Marketing Strategy: what it includes, why it was necessary to write it, how it’s different, and why you should check it out. Nathan also shares why he created it as a microsite as opposed to a blog. The importance of following the acronym SMART when you’re setting your goals. An explanation of what 10x content is and how Nathan makes it work for him. How Nathan recommends tracking marketing ROI to be sure that your content is doing what it’s supposed to do. How to prioritize within your marketing strategy. The concept of goals-driven budgeting. Nathan’s best advice for someone just starting a marketing strategy. Links: The Ultimate Guide to Marketing Strategy Google Analytics If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Nathan: â€Å"Marketers who document their strategy are 538 percent more likely to report success than those who don’t.† â€Å"The goals-driven budgeting methodology requires you to set your goals first, then plan your budget to make the goals a reality.† â€Å"As a marketer, your first blog post won’t be good and your first ad is probably going to suck, but you need to do it. You need to ship something and you need to continuously improve.†

Global Talent Management and Improving Business Performance Essay

Global Talent Management and Improving Business Performance - Essay Example utually agree to the benefits and need of the GTM but still there are many issues that they face regarding the talent management at organizational level and at individual level which might be contradictory to one another. There may be two types of expatriate assignments that are given to employees who are a part of the multinational corporations. These assignments allow them to develop their talent on a global perspective as they receive assignments abroad and that helps them to develop significant skills to operate globally, to handle the global operations, and to spread the knowledge about globally spread operations in order to help the country networks and improve productivity to understand the business model. These expatriate assignments can be of two types which impact the organizational goals of GTM and individual level goals (Farndale, Pai, Sparrow, Scullion, 2014, p. 205). The expatriate goals can be organization-assigned expatriates which are often the ones which are assigned by the organization to send certain employees abroad who are deserving and talented. These employees have to live away from their families and shift abroad in order to fulfill the goals of their organization. This kind of expatriate assignments may not include the will of the employees always and some might find it extremely difficult to live away of their country and loved ones. Hence, the work gets affected and productivity would decrease. On the other hand, it would be a good option for the fulfillment of the organizational goals and GTM as it allows employees to understand and polish their skill in the international context (Farndale, Pai, Sparrow, Scullion, 2014, p. 206). Because of certain problems associated with this type of expatriation in the GTM, there have been two other strategies that are being used by multinational corporations. The first strategy is to reduce the number of organization-assisted expatriation assignments and promote rather other alternatives such as

Fordism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fordism - Essay Example Moreover, the essay discusses the strengths and limitations of each form of work process for employers and employees. Lastly, it critically examines whether these theories are relevant to the work in the contemporary organization. Fordism refers to a notion of modern social systems and economic growth. It bases its concept on industrialization and a standard form of production for the sustainability of population growth. It gives emphasizes on the change in working conditions of workers. It is a form of production used in automotive industries to increase production (Fincham and Rhodes 2005, p. 231). It focuses on producing goods at low costs giving its workers' decent wages. For the mass production to occur it uses special purpose machinery. The form of production applied the three principles to enhance the mass production. First, they employed special machines, which operate on an assembly line (Buchanan and Huczynski 2010, p. 121). These machines did not require skilled employees because one employee did one task repeatedly. Second, standardization of products, this is to say that nothing was hand-made. All their products were made using machines (Fincham and Rhodes 2005, p. 121). Third, they focused on the welfare of the workers. The workers were paid high wages so that they can afford the products they made; this was to avoid theft cases. In his principle, Henry Ford the founder of Fordism simplified work-using assembly lines. This is where a worker did a certain task repeatedly. Research shows that, Henry Ford was not the original founder of assembly lines he increased its efficiency. This form of production increased affordability to the average consumer. Increase in wages reduced worker absenteeism increasing the production turnover to 400 percent annually. This form of production encouraged specialization within the organization hence quality in the production of goods. Fordism as a form of work process has different strengths. First, the use of assemb ling lines as a form of production encouraged specialization. This is because one worker did the same task repeatedly hence specialization. Specialization results for quality and quantity production. Thus, the goods produced, were quality thus attracting a wide market (Lister 2010, p.51). This led to more profits on the part of employers. In addition, the high wages given to the workers encouraged them to give quality service. As stated above the production increased by 400 per cent because of the high wages given to employees (Buchanan and Huczynski 2010, p. 121). Theft cases did not occur among the employees because of the high wages and they could afford the goods, which they produced. Even though the work was tedious, the employees had a sense of security for their work because of the presence of the industrial unions, which bargained for their wages. On the other hand, Fordism had its own limitations. This particularly resulted in the onset of development of Post- Fordism by An tonio and Bonanno (Lister 2010, p. 95). They said that this form of production was not efficient because the population had reduced due to the effects of World War II. The goods produced remained that means that the demand had reduced making this form of production ineffective. This form of production was rigid and did not encourage the introduction of new ways of production. With the monotonous work, the workers got bored with time and they stopped providing quality services. Due to

The Plantation Mistress by Catherine Clinton Essay

The Plantation Mistress by Catherine Clinton - Essay Example This time marks one of the darkest periods in the history of America, therefore, confessions by these women in their diaries and memoirs represents real events concerning their tribulations. These women typify noteworthy character and mental toughness in that they are able to withstand the tribulations and tough times during that slavery period (Clinton 50). Clinton has illustrated many specifics in the Plantation Mistress. For example, the matter of cousin marriage has been described in detail. From early in life, cousins had a close association and relationship. This continued even after they separated geographically, and these close relationships continued throughout the life of the cousins. The principal reason for these close associations was that children within the plantations were isolated from the rest of the community, and as they were growing up, they did not meet other people apart from those in their kinship ties (Clinton, 67). This was the same with older ladies, who on ly associated closely with men that were closely related to them. These associations and marriage between cousins had its benefits as it ensured that property and wealth was retained within the family alliance. It further expanded kinship ties between closely related families. Therefore, characters that practiced this form of marriage impress me since they were involved in abnormal affairs, but these affairs were of benefit to them in the end. These characters viewed life as an experience of enriching oneself and ensuring that wealth is retained within the family tree. This may have been viewed as an abnormal thing by the surrounding society, but those who took part in marriage with their cousins did not mind what society did. Whatever they did, they did it to the benefit of their close family members (Gerster & Cords 78). Clinton covers another specific topic in child birth and rearing. Characters especially mothers in the novel greatly celebrated whenever children were born. All f amilies celebrated during this time period, but female babies were discriminated against greatly. Therefore, giving births to a female baby was a disappointment because Southerners who did not have sons were threatened with extinction in their inheritance and family name. Only sons were allowed to carry on with the family traditions and use the family name. However, some women in the novel did not allow to be discriminated by society by virtue of their giving birth to daughters only. These women soldered on despite the prejudicial treatment that they received from the surrounding society (Clinton, 89). Regardless of their mistreatment, these women still managed to raise their female babies until they grew up. To any reader, these women can be regarded as heroes since they managed to weather the storm of gender discrimination and go on with their lives. This is important because currently, gender discrimination is on the rise, and women empowerment by brave women has ensured that pre judicial treatment of women has been toned down. The women that Clinton describes in the novel who managed to soldier on despite the prejudicial society that surrounded them represent the present women who try to advocate for women empowerment so that gender balance is created (Gerster & Cords 84). In the Plantation Mistress, we learn that female education began to rise tremendously toward the end of the eighteenth century. From this, a new nation was born and Southerners and New Englanders promoted education of females in their respective

Recognising Limitations And Strengths Of Law Social Work Essay

Recognising Limitations And Strengths Of Law Social Work Essay In order to practice effectively it is necessary to have a critical understanding of the law and to recognise limitations as well as strengths. The law can lack clarity which may be open to interpretation. This essay aims to discuss Social Work roles and responsibilities in Criminal Justice settings. There are many competing pressures to direct the service in ways that may not be consistent with Social Work principles towards greater penal and correctional models. It is therefore essential to have a clear understanding of the policy and legal framework that creates the remit and legitimacy for the operation of Social Work in the Criminal Justice process (Whyte, 2001, p.7). Statute law is created by Acts of the UK and Scottish Parliaments and relies upon rulings made in Court Hearings to set precedents that define and interpret key terms i.e. Case Law. Understanding the law is fundamental to practice in Criminal Justice settings. Criminal Law is a powerful instrument of social control and sanctions and the Criminal Courts have the potential to impose restrictions of liberty of individuals. Social Workers have a responsibility towards the general public and the courts to protect the public and ensure their wellbeing however, there is also obligation towards those who are in the Criminal Justice process who may be vulnerable and in need of services provided by Social Work. It is therefore essential that all workers have an understanding of the legal frameworks that govern Criminal Justice Social Work and are aware of the scope and limitations of their mandate (Whyte, 2001). However, law is subject to change and criminal justice policy is more liable to su dden, politically motivated changes of direction than is social policy in other fields (Smith, 2002, p.309) The law defines what a crime is, rules of evidence and criminal procedure. However, discretion is given to those involved and therefore, the criminal justice process is not systematic. The judiciary, police and social work have differing roles, agendas, values and beliefs which are shaped by training and cultures which can make working within the system difficult due to lack of shared understanding of common aims and individual roles. Social Work involves working with the marginalised and disadvantaged and can be both vulnerable to crime and susceptible to criminalisation and practice involves work with victims or offenders. Local Authorities have statutory responsibility to provide Criminal Justice Social Work Services to support the Criminal Justice Process through assessment of individuals, information to the Courts and supervision of offenders. Scotland differs from the rest of the UK in that there is a unique cultural and political heritage and a separate legal system. Social Work therefore, has a central role within the Criminal Justice process in Scotland which is in contrast to England and Wales where probation work is commissioned by the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) which is separate from Local Authority control and Social Work functions and shows a difference in their approaches in responding to crime. As McAra (2005) suggests a more welfare orientated approach has been adopted due to its legal culture and political history. The legal framework outlining powers and duties of Criminal Justice Social Work is the Social Work Scotland Act 1968 (as amended). Section 27 of this Act outlines the duty by Local Authorities to provide specific Criminal Justice services (e.g. social background reports, supervision of offenders on an Order or Licence) in respect of central government funding however, it does not explain the objectives of these services or provide guidance on their exercise. Section 12 gives Local Authorities (LAs) discretion to provide additional services (e.g. victims) as part of the general responsibility to promote social welfare. Probation or offender services became the responsibility of the Local Authority Social Work Departments in 1968 and had a general duty to promote social welfare in their locality (S12, Social Work (Scotland) Act 1968). This was due to the Kilbrandon Committee (Kilbrandon, 1964) being appointed to investigate increasing juvenile crime. The Kilbrandon Report recommended a new approach to childrens services based on the needs of children and families and those who offend should be treated the same as those children requiring care and protection. Kilbrandon also suggested diversion and early voluntary intervention as crime prevention and one department for children and adults. This merge of work with adult offenders was pivotal in recognising work with offenders as having a welfare component admittedly with a level of control. Although the Kilbrandon philosophy followed trends of the time which advocated rehabilitation and treatment of offenders and an awareness of the social causes of c rime, this is still highly relevant to todays practice. From the 1980s onwards Criminal Justice in Scotland has undergone major legislative and policy change due to successive governments. As there was concern for public protection and community disposal effectiveness in 1991, 100 per cent central government funding was introduced and the National Objectives and Standards were published which set out core objectives, service provision and guidance on their delivery (Social Work Group, 1991). This resulted in the government committing to Social Work delivering this role. This policy arrangement outlined by Rifkind in 1989 has survived changes in political administration although, it has been suggested that devolution has caused a sudden and dramatic politicisation of Criminal Justice issues and could undermine the welfare tradition (McNeill and Batchelor, 2004: Croal, 2005). Social Work with offenders should aim to address and reduce offending behaviour. Whilst the law provides a framework for practice, effective work with offenders requires Social Work skills such as communication, therapeutic relationships in supervision, assessment and risk management. The task is therefore, varied and complex as Social Workers have the power to control the individuals who are referred via the Courts and enforce any Court Orders but must also work with an offender in a holistic, inclusive way to have a positive impact on their offending behaviour and this can be through support and assistance in relation to personal and social problems but also the individual taking responsibility for their actions. Effective and ethical practice is therefore, about considering and managing the needs and rights of the Courts, the general public, victims and offenders. Although Social Workers have statutory duties and powers to interfere in peoples lives this is not always welcome but is necessary in promoting public safety. Under the Scottish Social Work Services Council (SSSC) Code of Practice Social Workers have an obligation to uphold public trust and confidence and the Criminal Justice Authorities (CJAs) are required by Scottish Executive guidance to develop a strategy to address this (Scottish Executive, 2006b). This strategy includes both offenders and their families and Social Workers should engage these individuals and recognise their views in the development of services. Both Criminal Law and Social Work recognise the autonomy of individuals choices on how they lead their lives and with this capacity is criminal responsibility. Those of which who lack capacity (e.g. children and the mentally disordered) are not culpable in the eyes of the law and may be treated differently. It is therefore recognised that criminal behaviour is not just a choice but may be about social circumstances to which they have minimal control. Social Workers should assist in allowing individuals to improve their capacity for making choices together with consequences to their actions (ADSW, 1996a). Although Social Workers are obliged to protect the rights and interests of service users there is a belief amongst the general public that they have forfeited these rights when they have offended. All Criminal Justice agencies must comply with the Human Rights Act 1988 which incorporates into domestic law the fundamental rights set out in the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). Public Authorities are required to respect all of the provisions however, the two articles with particular relevance to Criminal Law and Social Work are the right to liberty and security (Article 5. ECHR) and the right to a fair trial (Article 6, ECHR). However, the state can impose restrictions on those who breach criminal law or are a threat to public safety as long as the detention is authorised by law and there is a balance between the individual, their victims and the general public. The Social Worker must assess this balance through rigorous assessment and analysis of risk. The Social Work role r equires respect to offenders as individuals and ensure that the offenders ability and right to function as a member of society is not impaired to a greater extent than is necessary in the interests of justice (ADSW, 1996a). Criminal Justice Social Work services are delivered in partnership with various statutory and non-statutory agencies and this can present challenges due to conflicting professional values and aims. The Management of Offenders etc. (Scotland) Act 2005 was introduced to improve joint working and co-ordinate the management of offenders especially in the transition from custody to community supervision and places a duty on Criminal Justice Authorities (CJAs) to have an information sharing process in order that relevant information is shared between agencies (s.3 (5)(g)) for improving offender and risk management. However, sensitive personal information must be handled carefully and be under the principles of the Data Protection Act 1988 and local agency protocols. Practitioners within Social Work must ensure that any information sharing decisions are fully explained and understood by the offender even when their consent to disclosure is not required. Organisations who deliver public services have general duties to eliminate unlawful discrimination and promote equality of opportunity on the grounds of race (Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000), sex (Equality Act 2006), and disability (Disability Discrimination Act 2005). Individuals who are involved with Criminal Justice organisations are entitled to the protection of discrimination laws which relate to sex, race, disability, religious beliefs and sexual orientation, with exception to exercising judicial functions or carrying out Court orders. In these circumstances it may be within Article 14 of the ECHR which prevents to the right to liberty and security of the individual or the right to a fair trial being interfered with on a wide range of discriminatory grounds. Criminal Justice is still influenced by prejudicial and discriminatory views. Research has been carried out by both the Social Work and Prisons Inspectorate for Scotland (1998) which highlighted concerns about the treatment of female offenders in the Criminal Justice process. In addition to this, several inquiries in England and Wales in relation to racial discrimination by the police and prison services has subsequently raised public awareness (Macpherson, 1999; Keith, 2006). The Scottish Government has a duty to publish information of discrimination of any unlawful grounds (s.306 (1)(b) Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995) and therefore, all workers need to practice in an anti-discriminatory way. The law outlines the limits of Social Work intervention and knowledge of the law is essential to anti-oppressive practice. The only legitimacy for intervening in the life of the individual within the criminal justice process is the individuals offending behaviour†¦if individuals have social needs which require to be met but are not crime related or crime producing, or if the offence is not sufficiently serious to fall within the criteria of the twin-track approach, services should be offered, as far as possible, through voluntary provision†¦No-one should be drawn into the criminal justice processes in order to receive social work help (Moore and Whyte, 1998, p.24). Rehabilitative intervention is not just about helping; it imposes limitations on the rights of the individual who is subject to the intervention. Risk assessment and offence based practice is an ethical approach. It aims to ensure that the most intensive and potentially most intrusive services are focused on those service users who pose the greatest risk of causing harm to others (ADSW, 2003) and to prevent socially disadvantaged individuals being taken further into criminal justice control which can result in further social exclusion. Criminal Justice Social Workers must take note that the role involves work with disadvantaged social groups. Certain types of crimes and offenders often criminalise the young, deprived, unemployed and undereducated male with an experience of the care system and this is clear from Social Work and prison statistics (Croall, 2005; McAra and McVie, 2005). There is often a complex relationship between social exclusion and offending behaviour and often the Criminal Justice process displays existing injustices within society. It is important that issues in relation to class, age and social context should be recognised together with vulnerability to discrimination. The Social Workers role should be to address issues of social exclusion and empower individuals to lead law abiding lives by addressing their offending behaviour. Social Work can help offenders develop capacity to make informed choices by actively encouraging their participation in the supervision/change process and their engagement with improving their current social situation (McCulloch, 2005; McNeill, 2004). Assisting offenders to focus on their strengths as opposed to their risk and needs can have a positive impact as they learn to recognise the value in their own lives and respecting the value of others. The sentencing stage in the criminal justice process generates the majority of Criminal Justice Social Work through provision of information to the Court in the form of Social Enquiry Reports (SERs) and the administration of community disposals, with the exception of liberty orders (tagging). SERs have no legal basis but there is a statutory duty on criminal justice social work to provide reports to the Court for disposal of a case (s.27(1)(a) SWSA 1968. Reports provide the court with the information and advice they need in deciding on the most appropriate way to deal with offenders. They include information and advice about the feasibility of community based disposals, particularly those involving local authority supervision. In the case of every offender under 21 and any offender facing custody for the first time, the court must obtain information and advice about whether a community based disposal is available and appropriate. In the event of custody, the court requires advice abo ut the possible need for a Supervised Release order or Extended Sentence Supervision on release. (Scottish Executive, 2004d, para. 1.5) The Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 sets out when the court can or must obtain an SER. Failure to request a report, where required by law, can result in a sentence being quashed on appeal. The Court is not obliged to follow recommendations or opinions in the SER however, Social workers can have a direct influence on the sentence passed. Preparing SERs demands a high standard of professional practice. It requires skilled interviewing, the ability to collect and assess information from different sources, and the art of writing a report which is dependable, constructive, impartial and brief (Social Work Services Inspectorate (SWSI), 1996, Foreword). The law imposes time limits in compiling reports. The Courts require a report within three weeks (s.201(3) (a) if an offender is remanded in custody and within four weeks if the offender is on bail (s.21(3)(b) of the 1995 Act). This means in practice that there are increased demands on a workers time that places increased pressure in the preparation of SERs especially if there are high numbers of worker absence due to leave or whether the worker knows the offender and their individual circumstances. Whilst conducting interviews the worker must ensure that the offender understands the purpose of the report, the relevance of questions (health, addiction issues, and personal relationships) and the limits to confidentiality of this information. Social workers must balance between an informed recommendation and an awareness of the severity of the offence. The report author should be impartial and not minimise the seriousness of the offence and its impact (NOS, Scottish Executive, 2004d, p ara 5.5) and phrases that imply moral judgements, label or stereotype offenders should not be used (para. 5.1). When compiling an SER workers are required to consider the suitability of disposals in relation to the risk posed by an offender and to target appropriate resources which are most appropriate and successful in addressing offending behaviour. Guidelines for the assessment and management of risk are outlined in the Management and Assessment of Risk in Social Work Services (SWSI, 2000) and there are also additional risk assessment frameworks which specifically relate to serious violent and sex offenders. In Criminal Justice the focus has moved from risk of custody to risk of reoffending and risk of harm. Risk assessment is complex and there has been a shift from concern for the offender and their needs to concern about public safety and the offender being a potential source of risk to others. Although the legislation is not explicit about offending behaviour, National Standards state that SERs should provide information and advice which will help the Court decide the available sentencin g options†¦by assessing the risk of reoffending, and†¦the possible harm to others. This requires an investigation of offending behaviour and of the offenders circumstances, attitudes and motivation to change (Scottish Executive, 2004d, 1.6). Risk is defined by Kemshall (1996) as the probability of a future negative or harmful event and assessment of risk includes: the likliehood of an event occurring, who is likely to be at risk, the nature of the harm which they might be exposed and the impact and consequences of the harmful event. Risk assessment has changed over the years and prior to the introduction of risk assessment tools workers relied on clinical methods or professional judgement which was based on an offenders history. These methods were criticised for being too subjective, inaccurate, open to worker bias and dependent on information given by the offender. In the 1990s workers moved towards objective and empirically based risk assessment tools (actuarial) to support their assessment. Actuarial risk assessment tools rely on static (historical) risk factors together with dynamic (criminogenic) risk factors and to assess the risk of reoffending. The static factors (which cannot change) take into account gender, age at first conviction, number of previous offences and custodial experiences, school progress, previous employment and personal history. The criminogenic factors (focus on current areas) include current employment, personal relationships, peer associates, use of time, substance use, mental health and attitudes and behaviour. All of these factors impact on the risk of reoffending (Bonta, 1996). The most widely used assessment tool, The Level of Service Inventory Revised (LSI-R) devised by Andrews and Bonta (1995) incorporates both static and dynamic factors. However, it does not assess risk of harm and this shows that both actuarial and clinical risk assessments are crucial for an effective and comprehensive risk assessment. Clinical methods combine knowledge of the offenders personality, habits lifestyle and an analysis of the circumstances of the offending behaviour and are therefore, the most appropriate assessme nt tool at identifying those who are likely to cause serious harm. Although more time consuming and require more in-depth analysis of both the offender and the offence risk is assessed on predispositions, motivation towards certain behaviours and triggers that may contribute to harmful behaviour. Actuarial tools are not totally accurate (Kemshall, 1996) and although this is improved upon through use of clinical methods in decision making, professional judgement is also crucial. Social workers must be aware that social disadvantage plays a part and this can contribute to a higher assessment of risk and need and to be cautious about the total reliability of these factors when making recommendations that may affect an offenders liberty. Risk assessment and intervention or supervision should be informed by valid, reliable and ongoing assessment and Social Workers should familiarise themselves with research emerging in this area and the many assessment tools and change programmes available (Levy et.al., 2002). To support change Social Workers have to not just think about what work is done with the offender but how that work is done. Offenders under supervision have very high levels of need. Moreover, although most offenders have many needs in common, there are also significant variations that necessitate the thoughtful tailoring of individual interventions if the effectiveness of practice is to be maximised. In delivering effective practice, the accumulated weight of evidence†¦drives us towards recognition that practice skills in general and relationship skills in particular are at least as critical in reducing re-offending as programme content (McNeill et al., 2005, p.5). This recent review of core skills required for effective Criminal Justice Social Work practice raises challenges in practising ethically and effectively but when applied critically and reflectively this could achieve positive outcomes that are in the interest of the public, victims and offenders. Although the law is crucial in framing Social Work practice in the Criminal Justice process it is equally important that Social Work skills and values are central to effective interventions as the role is both demanding and rewarding. Crime has become increasingly prominent both in the public and political agenda and therefore, Social Work has become more prominent and complex. Social Workers have a professional responsibility towards victims, the Court, community and offenders. To fulfil this role effectively, Social Workers must have a clear, confident understanding of their role, the legislative and policy context and a commitment to increasing and developing knowledge, skills and values required for effective and ethical practice.